@article{5868,

title = {Occurrence of ultraviolet radiation-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids in coral mucus and whole corals of French Polynesia.},

author = {T Teai and J H Drollet and J P Bianchini and A Cambon},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Mar Freshwater Res},

volume = {49},

pages = {127-32},

abstract = {Specimens of six scleractinian species were gathered during the austral spring (October-November) 1994 on the external slope of the barrier reef of Arue, Tahiti, and in the lagoon of Arutua, a Tuamotu island. Mucus of each specimen was collected and the optical density and volume excreted were measured. After treatment, mucus was analysed for mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nine UV-absorbing compounds were present in coral mucus at concentrations between 1 and 500 ng g-1 mucus. Palythine and mycosporine-gly were found in all mucus studied. Mycosporine-2glycine was recovered in 71% of specimens and shinorine in 28%. Porphyra-334 and palythinol were identified as minor MAAs. Three recently identified MAAs, palythine-serine, mycosporine-methylamine:serine and mycosporine-methylamine:threonine, were also found in mucus from Pocillopora. Within a genus, there was a qualitative similarity in MAAs determined by HPLC, irrespective of locality. Values for optical density of the mucus showed the ability of MAAs to protect the animal host and endosymbiotoc algae from UV-solar flux and, as inferred from the recent literature, from oxidative forms of oxygen (HO2., O2-, HO.) derived from photosynthesis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5892,

title = {Phycotoxins and related heath problems : ciguatoxins and ciguatera fish poisoning.},

author = {A-M Legrand and M Chinain and S Pauillac and J Molgo},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {36},

pages = {1315},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5874,

title = {Plasma levels of TNF-a and TGF-b1 among 52 laboratory-confirmed children hospitalized during the 1996-1997 dengue-2 outbreak in French Polynesia.},

author = {F Laur and B Murgue and X Deparis and C Roche and O Cassar and E Chungue},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {92},

pages = {654-6},

abstract = {The pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is not well understood. In the absence of predictive clinical or biological criteria, the management of DHF patients remains difficult. The role played by cytokines in the occurrence of DHF has been suggested by several authors. In this study, we determined the plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1) in 52 children with laboratory-confirmed dengue virus infection admitted to hospital during the recent dengue 2 outbreak in French Polynesia. Thirty-three children were classified as having dengue fever (DF) and 19 as DHF. The plasma of both DF and DHF patients contained similar levels of TNF alpha. By contrast, plasma obtained from children with DHF had significantly higher levels of TGF beta-1 than plasma from children with DF, especially from days 1 to 3 after the onset of fever.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5873,

title = {Possible dengue sequential infection : dengue spread in a neighbourhood during the 1996/97 dengue-2 epidemic in French Polynesia.},

author = {X Deparis and C Roche and B Murgue and E Chungue},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Trop Med Int Hlth},

volume = {3},

pages = {866-71},

abstract = {A DEN-2 epidemic occurred in French Polynesia from August 1996 to April 1997 after 7 years of DEN-3 circulation. The susceptible population constituted all expatriates and Polynesians under 21. In August 1996, two successive DEN-2 cases occurred in Teroma, a Tahitian neighbourhood close to the international airport of Tahiti. A serological prospective study of persons < 21 years living in Teroma was conducted. The study population was bled in September 1996, October 1996 and June 1997. Analysis of dengue spread in Teroma confirmed that dengue transmission occurs primarily in the house, thus vector control campaigns should incorporate focal insecticide spraying and systematic daily use of insecticide in houses. The evolution in time of the disease demonstrated that among a susceptible population, prevalence and incidence rates are related to the time of exposure, and consequently to age. Comparison of dengue incidence or dengue prevalence between populations therefore requires adjusted age rates. Most studies did not adjust for age, leading to the conclusion that DHF is more frequent during secondary than during primary dengue infection. Prospective studies taking into account the time of dengue exposure are necessary to confirm the sequential infection hypothesis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5884,

title = {Sodium channel activating toxins which bind to receptor site 5 increase nodal volume of myelinated axons.},

author = {C Mattei and M Y Dechraoui Bottein and J Molgo and F A Meunier and A-M Legrand and E Benoit},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {36},

pages = {1742},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5886,

title = {Strategy for the development of antibody-based assays to marine phycotoxins.},

author = {J Naar and P Branaa and S Pauillac and M Y Dechraoui Bottein and M Chinain and A-M Legrand},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {36},

pages = {1743-4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5871,

title = {Surveillance épidémiologique spécifique de la dengue en Polynésie française en 1996. Méthode et intérêt lors de l'épidémie de dengue 2 en Polynésie française en 1996.},

author = {X Deparis and E Chungue and S Pauck and C Roche and B Murgue and L Gleize},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Trop Med Int Hlth},

volume = {3},

pages = {566-70},

abstract = {La dengue est une arbovirose présente dans toute la zone intertropicale. Son extension géographique et l'augmentation simultanée de sa létalité sont préoccupantes. En zone d'endémie ou d'épidémie, une surveillance épidémiologique spécifique de la dengue permet d'identifier et de confirmer au plus vite la circulation d'un nouveau sérotype viral de la dengue: avec un délai d'alerte épidémique raccourci, l'efficacité des stratégies de lutte est renforcée. En Polynésie française, alors que seul le sérotype 3 circulait depuis 1989, la menace d'une épidémie de dengue 4 a déclenché la mise en place d'une surveillance épidémiologique spécifique en mai 1996. Devant chaque cas suspect de dengue, 18 médecins répartis sur le territoire polynésien effectuaient un prélèvement sanguin et rédigeaient une fiche de renseignements cliniques. Entre mai et novembre 1996, le laboratoire de virologie de l'Institut Malardé a mis en évidence 21 virus (2 de dengue 3 et 19 de dengue 2) soit par mise en culture, soit par RT-PCR, sur les 302 prélèvements traités. La surveillance spécifique a démontré la circulation d'un virus dengue 2 et elle a permis de raccourcir de 12 à 16 semaines le délai d'alerte épidémiologique par rapport aux précédentes épidémies. Tenant compte du délai de prélèvement, une régression logistique effectuée sur les variables cliniques a montré que seule l'absence de toux était prédictive de la dengue. Construite autour d'objectifs pragmatiques, la performance des systèmes épidémiologiques de surveillance spécifique de la dengue doit encourager leur mise eb oeuvre dans tous les pays concernés, en passant, si nécessaire, par une collaboration avec des laboratoires de référence.Dengue fever is present in tropical and subtropical regions and its geographical extension and the simultaneous increase of its mortality are worrisome. In endemic or epidemic countries, the aim of dengue-specific epidemiological surveillance is to confirm as soon as possible the circulation of a new viral dengue serotype, i.e. the beginning of an epidemic. The efficiency of the control strategy is improved by an earlier epidemic alert. In French Polynesia, dengue-3 virus circulated since 1989 at low level and, in May 1996, a specific epidemiological surveillance was undertaken because of the threat of a dengue-4 epidemic. From each suspected dengue case reported by 18 Polynesian physicians located in the Societe Islands, a blood sample was taken for virological assay and clinical data were reported. Between May and November 1996, the virology unit of the Institut Malarde isolated 21 viruses (2 dengue-3 and 19 dengue-2) from 302 suspected cases. The dengue-specific epidemiological surveillance confirmed that dengue-2 virus was circulating and reduced the time of the epidemiological alert by 2 or 3 months compared to previous epidemics. Taking into account the day of illness, a logistic regression undertaken on the clinical data showed that the absence of cough was the only predictive sign of dengue diagnosis. The performance of this dengue-specific epidemiological surveillance system led us to consider its implementation in all concerned countries. A collaboration with international reference laboratories could be a solution for the developing countries.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5893,

title = {The immunodominant Brugia malayi paramyosin as a marker of current infection with Wuchereria bancrofti adult worms.},

author = {S Langy and C Plichart and P Luquiaud and S A Williams and L Nicolas},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Infect Immunity},

volume = {66},

pages = {2854-8},

abstract = {The full-length cDNA sequence encoding Brugia malayi L3 paramyosin has been isolated by immunoscreening a cDNA library with a mouse antiserum raised against Wuchereria bancrofti L3 infective larvae. A recombinant truncated form of paramyosin was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and used to evaluate humoral responses of adults from a W. bancrofti-endemic area in French Polynesia according to their parasitological status. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) preferentially bound to paramyosin in W. bancrofti-parasitized individuals, in contrast to unparasitized individuals, who harbored neither microfilaria nor Og4C3 adult worm circulating antigen. Reduction of the anti-paramyosin IgG4 titer following combined chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin was significantly correlated with a reduction in the adult worm burden. This indicates that the presence of paramyosin-reactive IgG4 is associated with the presence of parasites and that reduction can be used as an immunological marker for W. bancrofti clearance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5908,

title = {A universally applicable internal standard for PCR detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in biological samples.},

author = {L Nicolas and C Plichart},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Parasite},

volume = {4},

pages = {253-7},

abstract = {A PCR-based assay have been previously described to detect Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes and in human blood samples. However, the efficiency of PCR amplification may vary between samples depending on the presence of PCR inhibitors, leading sometimes to false negative results. To overcome this drawback, an internal standard plasmid (pWB11) was constructed. It can be added to each PCR reaction for coamplification along with the target W. bancrofti DNA (Sspl DNA repeat) using the same pair of primers. PCR products from W. bancrofti DNA or from pWB11 are 34 bp different in size and can be visualized either on agarose gel or by DNA ELISA using two different oligonucleotides probes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5906,

title = {A Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of Dirofilaria immitis (Filariidea : onchocercidae) and Wuchereria bancrofti (Filarioidea : dipetalonematidae) in their common vector Aedes polynesiensis (Diptera : culicidae).},

author = {L Nicolas and G Scoles},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {34},

pages = {741-4},

abstract = {In French Polynesia, Aedes polynesiensis (Marks) is the vector of the human filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) and dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy). A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was designed to screen pools of field-collected Ae. polynesiensis for the presence of both parasites simultaneously using primers specific for each parasite. The sensitivity of detection on purified DNA was 1 and 10 pg, equivalent to 0.1 and 1 L3 larva per pool for W. bancrofti and D. immitis, respectively. Codetection was performed at an hybridization temperature of 58 degrees C to avoid competition between heterologous DNA and primers that was observed at 55 degrees C. In addition, D. immitis was detected by PCR in the blood of infected dogs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5901,

title = {Aedes polynesiensis in the Society Islands : environmental correlates of isoenzyme differentiation.},

author = {S Shiu and D R Mercer and P M V Martin and F Rodhain and M Raymond and A B Failloux},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Med Vet Entomol},

volume = {11},

pages = {349-54},

abstract = {Isoenzyme genetic differentiation of Aedes polynesiensis mosquitoes in Raiatea island, French Polynesia, was evaluated by two models of population structure based on seven gene-enzyme systems: Ak, Est, Got, Gpi, Hk, Mdh and Pgm. The ecological model tested whether genetic differentiation is congruent with habitat differences. The isolation model evaluated whether genetic differentiation is proportional to geographical distribution. The ecological model found no significant differentiation between populations of Ae.polynesiensis from beach and forest ecotopes, whereas the isolation model was consistent with the data. However, incipient speciation is opposed by the source-sink system of population dynamics in such small neighbouring islands, where Ae.polynensiensis extinction is readily followed by reinvasion causing considerable gene flow between island populations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5909,

title = {Bancroftian filariasis : new understanding and strategies for control.},

author = {L Nicolas},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Bull Inst Pasteur},

volume = {95},

pages = {237-46},

abstract = {Plus de 120 individus vivant en zone tropicale sont parasités par Wuchereria bancrofti et, dans une moindre mesure, par Brugia malayi, les deux agents de la filariose lymphatique. Alors que cette parasitose a été longtemps négligée, on reconnaît aujourd'hui qu'elle constitue la deuxième cause d'handicap physique et d'exclusion sociale dans le monde. Il y a quelques années, le diagnostic reposait sur l'observation des signes cliniques externes et sur la détection de microfilaires dans le sang, et le traitement, sur la prise répétée de diéthylcarbamazine (DEC), laquelle produisait des effets secondaires importants. Les porteurs de microfilaires, longtemps considérés 'asymptomatiques', sont en fait atteints de troubles lymphatiques des membres et de dysfonctionnement rénal. Grâce à la mise au point d'anticorps monoclonaux permettant de détecter la présence d'antigènes circulants de vers adultes chez l'homme, on dispose maintenant de tests diagnostic (ELISA ou cartes individuelles) beaucoup plus sensibles et simples d'utilisation à l'échelle de la communauté. Par ailleurs, pour évaluer la transmission, le suivi du taux de parasitisme dans les populations de moustiques vecteurs peut maintenant être réalisé par PCR (amplification enzymatique de gène) sur des lots de moustiques, grâce à des sondes d'ADN spécifiques. Bien que la DEC soit encore préconisée, le contrôle optimal repose sur la distribution, à l'ensemble de la population, d'une dose annuelle d'ivermectine associée à la DEC ou à l'albendazole, et cela pendant 4 à 6 ans, jusqu'à la clairance des antigènes de parasite dans la population. La lutte antivectorielle, bien qu'insuffisante à elle seule, est une approche complémentaire à la chimiothérapie.Les progrès réalisés au cours des dix dernières années tant dans le domaine du diagnostic et de la chimiothérapie que dans la reconnaissance des graves conséquences socio-économiques de la filariose lymphatique, rendent maintenant possible l'élimination de cette parasitose, véritable problème de santé publique.

Lymphatic filariasis affects more than 120 million people in tropical countries and is considered the second most widespread cause of physical and social handicap. The development of both new, sensitive tools for monitoring filarial parasitism in communities, and of simple chemotherapy strategies raises the hopes of public health professionals for the elimination of the parasitic disease.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5899,

title = {Density of larval Culicoides belkini (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in relation to physicochemical variables in different habitats.},

author = {F Lardeux and T Ottenwaelder},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {34},

pages = {387-94},

abstract = {Immature density and population size of the biting midge Culicoides belkini (Wirth & Arnaud) were estimated for habitats on Moorea Island, French Polynesia, by means of random, 2- and 3-stage sampling designs. Samples were taken in March 1993 from 5 strata of a large larval habitat: a sandy-mud surface of approximately 5,000 m2 (stratum 1) in which approximately 12,000 land crab burrows (stratum 2) were counted, a small pond surrounded by approximately 300 m2 of muddy bank (stratum 3), and a high organic muddy area (Kopara) of approximately 1,200 m2 (stratum 4) with approximately 3,500 crab burrows (stratum 5). Larval density was usually higher in the mud of crab burrows, especially those in the Kopara stratum. Larval density was significantly lower in the sediment of the sandy area as compared with pond banks or Kopara surface. The sampling designs and techniques were logistically adequate, statistically relevant, and were recommended for future studies on C. belkini larval density. Larval habitats were characterized by means of multivariate analysis. Comparison of larval densities with selected environmental variables indicated that larvae density was higher in wet sediments with high levels of organic matter (approximately 8% of dry weight of sediment) and low salinity (approximately 0.5-1.5% NaCl equivalents). These variables were considered significant if larval control by means of habitat modification has to be achieved. Nevertheless, C. belkini can tolerate a broad spectrum of variation in the other environmental variables measured and breed in a variety of ecological situations. Therefore, it has a high potential for colonizing new habitats.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5898,

title = {Dengue virus inhibits the human hematopoietic progenitor growth in vitro},

author = {B Murgue and O Cassar and A Guigon and E Chungue},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {J Infect Dis},

volume = {175},

pages = {1497-1501},

abstract = {Dengue disease, whether it be classical dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), is frequently associated with hematologic disorders. The underlying cause of these abnormalities is unknown. To determine if an inhibitory effect on human hematopoietic progenitor growth can be observed, normal cord blood mononuclear cells were exposed to low-passaged clinical isolates from DF, DHF, and DSS patients and to the prototype strain of dengue-3 virus (H-87). In primary methylcellulose cultures, there was no inhibition of colony formation. After an initial 8-day liquid culture, inhibition was observed with the isolates, but strain H-87 had no effect. Furthermore, isolates from patients with DSS showed a more potent inhibitory effect. These data represent the first documented study of in vitro impaired progenitor cell growth by dengue virus and suggest that this inhibition could be dependent upon the isolate tested.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5895,

title = {Field study of compensatory changes in UV-absorbing compounds in the mucus of the solitary coral Fungia repanda (Scleractinia : Fungiidae) in relation to solar UV radiation, sea-water temperature, and other coincident physico-chemical parameters.},

author = {J H Drollet and T Teai and M Faucon and P M V Martin},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Mar Freshwater Res},

volume = {48},

pages = {329-33},

abstract = {The relationship between coral UV-absorbing compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids, or MAAs) and solar UV radiation in the shallow coral reef environment has been much debated. The presence of these compounds in the mucus of Fungiidae allowed the measurement of weekly compensatory changes in the amount and composition of these compounds together with shifts in the wavelength of maximum absorbance (lmax) in the mucus of 11 specimens of Fungia repanda (Scleractinia : Fungiidae) during 18 months of monitoring in situ in Tahiti. The corals received full sunlight within a topless cage (specimen depth, 1 m) located at the Arue lagoon (northern coast of Tahiti). The amount of UV-absorbing compounds was found to be significantly and positively related to solar UV radiation, with a lag time of one week and with a corresponding long-wavelength shift in the maximum absorbance without lag, but was not significantly related to sea-water temperature or to the volume of mucus secreted. Analysis of mucus MAAs by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the shift in lmax could be related to an increase in three components : mycosporine-2-glycine, palythine and mycosporine-glycine.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5905,

title = {Genetic differentiation associated with commercial traffic in the polynesian mosquito, Aedes polynesiensis Mark 1951.},

author = {A B Failloux and M Raymond and A Ung and C Chevillon and N Pasteur},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Biol J Linn Soc},

volume = {60},

pages = {107-118},

abstract = {The population structure of the Polynesian mosquito Aedes polynesiensis was investigated using electrophoretic data from two polymorphic protein loci. Considerable differentiation was observed both within and between islands in different archipelagos (Society, Tuamotu, Austral). Gene flow evaluated by Fst estimates was independant of geographic distance between islands but related to commercial traffic intensity. The results are discussed in view of recent findings on the variability of susceptibility to insecticides and of suitability as a vector for the nematode Wuchereria bancrofti.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5903,

title = {Gambiertoxin (CTX-4B), purified from wild Gambierdiscus toxicus dinoflagellates, induces Na+ -dependent swelling of single frog myelinated axons and motor nerve terminals in situ.},

author = {C Mattei and E Benoit and P Juzans and A-M Legrand and J Molgo},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Neurosc Letters},

volume = {234},

pages = {75-8},

abstract = {The effects of gambiertoxin (CTX-4B), purified from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, were assessed on the morphology of both frog myelinated axons and motor nerve terminals, using confocal laser scanning microscopy. During the action of the toxin (24 and 30 nM), a marked swelling of nodes of Ranvier and motor nerve terminals was observed. The CTX-4B-induced swelling could be prevented by blocking voltage-dependent Na+ channels with tetrodotoxin, and could be partly reversed by an external hyperosmotic solution containing 100 mM D-mannitol. The results suggest that CTX-4B, by modifying voltage-dependent Na+ channels, increases internal Na+ concentration of axons and nerve terminals and consequently induces water influx to compensate such an increase. It is suggested that stimulated transmitter release by CTX-4B, as well as by hyperosmotic dmannitol, contribute also to the swelling of the terminals through an increase in their surface area.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5904,

title = {Intraspecific variation in the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus.},

author = {M Chinain and M Germain and F Seguin and S Pauillac and A-M Legrand},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {35},

pages = {1662},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5902,

title = {Intraspecific variation in the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus (Dinophyceae). I. Isozyme analysis.},

author = {M Chinain and M Germain and Y Sako and S Pauillac and A-M Legrand},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {J Phycol},

volume = {33},

pages = {36-43},

abstract = {Intraspecific variation among 19 isolates of the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi & Fukuyo (Dinophyceae) collected from French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and the French West Indies was investigated by isozyme analysis. Comparison of their cell sizes and growth rates revealed that significant variation exists among these clones. Comparison of electrophoretic patterns for seven enzyme systems indicated that G. toxicus is comprised of numerous biochemically distinct strains. Isolates from Tubuai and Hao appeared to be the most distantly related. Tahitian strains of G. toxicus also showed a remarkably low degree of similarity with the Tubuai isolates. The latter, which were taken from the same locale in Tubuai, also exhibited highly heterogeneous electrophoretic profiles when compared to each other, suggesting a multiclonal origin. This single isolate analyzed from the Atlantic Ocean was most closely related to Tahitian isolates, despite their geographic separation. Finally, no clear relationship was found between the electrophoretic profiles of these isolates and their capacity to produce ciguatoxic compounds.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5900,

title = {Isolation and structure of ciguatoxin-4A, a new ciguatoxin precursor, from cultures of dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus and parrotfish Scarus gibbus.},

author = {M Satake and Y Ishibashi and A-M Legrand and T Yasumoto},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Biosci Biotech Biochem},

volume = {60},

pages = {2103-5},

abstract = {A new ciguatoxin congener, ciguatoxin-4A (CTX4A), was isolated from cultures of marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, and its structure was elucidated to be 52-epiciguatoxin-4B on the basis of spectroscopic data. Chromatographic and spectral comparisons indicated that CTX4A was identical with a structurally unelucidated congener known as scaritoxin or SG1.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5907,

title = {Reduction of Wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating antigen after annual treatments of diethylcarbamazine combined with ivermectin in French Polynesia.},

author = {L Nicolas and C Plichart and N L Nguyen and J P Moulia-Pelat},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {J Infect Dis},

volume = {175},

pages = {489-92},

abstract = {Circulating filarial antigen (CFA), determined with Og4C3 ELISA, is a marker of Wuchereria bancrofti adult worm infection. The reduction of CFA over 2 years was determined in 185 microfilaremic and 111 amicrofilaremic but CFA+ adults given an annual dose of either diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin or the two combined. Reduction of CFA level was good with DEC but weak with ivermectin and followed the same pattern in amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic groups. Combinations and DEC alone had a similar impact on CFA level. CFA clearance was observed in amicrofilaremic but not in microfilaremic persons in all DEC-containing treatments. However, the highest clearance rate was observed in persons treated with DEC at 6 mg/kg combined with ivermectin. Continuous reduction of CFA level after repeated treatments shows that elimination of W. bancrofti infection, monitored by CFA clearance, might be achieved within a few years with annual treatments of DEC combined with ivermectin.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5910,

title = {Temperature thresholds and statistical modelling of larval Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariidea : onchocercidae) development rates.},

author = {F Lardeux and J Cheffort},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Parasitology},

volume = {114},

pages = {123-34},

abstract = {Developmental rates for Wuchereria bancrofti larvae maturing in the vector Aedes polynesiensis were estimated by analysing stage-frequency data consisting of counts of larval stages in mosquitoes reared at 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32 degrees C. Base temperatures (i.e. low temperature thresholds) for W. bancrofti development were estimated by the x-intercept method and the model of Lactin et al. (1995). Resulting values were similar with both methods and were approximately 12.5 degrees C for microfilariae (mf) in thorax, approximately 17 degrees C for L1, 15.5 degrees C for L2 and 16.5 degrees C for L3. Upper thresholds estimated by the Lactin et al. model were 29.3 degrees C for mf, 29.1 degrees C for L1, 32.2 degrees C for L2 and 31.5 degrees C for L3. In addition, an original method was devised for computing the L3 upper threshold, by modelling L3 length shrinkage with temperature. It gave a value of 31.4 degrees C. At 32 degrees C, L2 and L3 stages exhibited altered morphology, larvae being shorter and wider than expected. The model of Lactin et al. described adequately the non-linear relationship between developmental rate and temperature, but a linear degree-day approach may be applied for temperatures below 27-28 degrees C.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5896,

title = {Tumor necrosis factor-alpha interleukin-1-Beta and immunoglobulin (GM and KM) polymorphisms in leprosy.},

author = {G Levée and E Schurr and J P Pandey},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Exp Clin Immunogenet},

volume = {14},

pages = {160-5},

abstract = {In order to determine the genetic components of susceptibility to leprosy in 6 multiplex French Polynesian families, linkage analysis was carried out between a putative disease gene and 6 polymorphic loci : G1M, G2M, KM, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha (1,2) and TNF-alpha (A,G) using the lod score method. The three modes of inheritance, assuming a full penetrance value or reduced penetrance values (80 and 40%) for the susceptible allele, as well as with affected ones only, were tested. The results of this study provide no evidence for linkage between leprosy and the markers tested.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5894,

title = {Widespread occurence of mycosporine-like amino acid compounds in scleractinians from French Polynesia.},

author = {T Teai and J H Drollet and J P Bianchini and A Cambon and P M V Martin},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Coral Reefs},

volume = {16},

pages = {169-76},

abstract = {A survey of 23 species of scleractinians, belonging to seven families and 8 genera, collected from two different areas in French Polynesia, showed that all specimens possessed between four and seven UV-absorbing compounds, identified as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). In all, 11 different MAAs molecules were found, of which two were previously unknown. Palythine and mycosporine-glycine were the most abundant MAAs in the corals. With few exceptions, most specimens of each species possessed the same pattern of MAAs. Similarly, species from the same genus also had very similar qualitative composition of MAAs, although quantities of individuals MAAs varied from specimen to specimen. This suggests that MAAs are ancient and evolutionarily well conserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5923,

title = {A polymerase chain reaction assay to determine infection Aedes polynesiensis by Wuchereria bancrofti.},

author = {L Nicolas and P Luquiaud and F Lardeux and D R Mercer},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {90},

pages = {136-9},

abstract = {The sensitivity of a previously described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was improved to detect a single mosquito, infected by as few as 1-2 microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti, among 20-50 uninfected mosquitoes. Wild-caught Aedes polynesiensis were used to compare assessment of infection by dissection of individuals with the PCR assay of pools of mosquitoes. The PCR assay was at least as sensitive as dissection for detection of mosquitoes infected with W. bancrofti.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5921,

title = {A polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in blood samples from French Polynesia.},

author = {S A Williams and L Nicolas and M Lizotte-Waniewski and C Plichart and P Luquiaud and N L Nguyen and J P Moulia-Pelat},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {90},

pages = {384-7},

abstract = {A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on a highly repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence found in Wuchereria bancrofti (the SspI repeat) has been developed to address the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods. In this field study in a W. bancrofti endemic region of French Polynesia, 373 human blood samples were collected and 100 microL of blood were screened by the SspI PCR assay and 1 microL by membrane filtration. The SspI PCR assay detected 99 of 113 blood samples in which microfilariae had been detected by filtration (sensitivity of 88%) with a specificity of 100%. All the samples missed by the SspI PCR assay had less than 8 microfilariae per mL of blood. To evaluate the efficacy of screening larger blood samples by PCR, both 100 microL and 500 microL samples from 50 patients with very low-level microfilaraemia were screened by the SspI PCR assay; the sensitivity increased from 60% to 84% when using the larger volume of blood. Finally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based version of the SspI PCR assay was used to screen blood from 12 patients following treatment with diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, or both. These results showed that the PCR assay closely paralleled the presence or absence of microfilariae in the blood and that no increase in the DNA level was seen immediately following drug treatment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5926,

title = {Behavior of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariidae : onchocercidae) infective larvae in the vector Aedes Polynesiensis (Diptera : culicidae) in relation to parasite transmission.},

author = {F Lardeux and J Cheffort},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {33},

pages = {516-24},

abstract = {In French Polynesia, Aedes polynesiensis Marks is the major vector of human filariasis caused by subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold). Factors affecting transmission of infective larvae from vector to humans were assessed. The 66-100% loss of infective larvae during a blood meal was independent of the initial vector parasite burden. Infective larvae were able to migrate to the mouthparts during a blood meal. Blood feeding by mosquitoes to repletion was one important aspect in the escape of larvae. Infective larvae were not transmitted (lost) without a blood meal and may move in the vector's body. Ae. polynesiensis may retain infectivity potential during several days and may infect several hosts during one blood meal session or on several gonotrophic cycles. In terms of parasite transmission, these findings were interpreted as efficient adaptations of the filaria to the Ae. polynesiensis biting habits.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5920,

title = {Behavior of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariidae : Onchocercidae) infective larvae in the vector Aedes polynesiensis (Diptera : Culicidae) in relation to parasite transmission.},

author = {F Lardeux and J Cheffort},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {33},

pages = {516-24},

abstract = {In French Polynesia, Aedes Polynesiensis Marks is the major vector of human filariasis caused by subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold). Factors affecting transmission of infective larvae from vector to humans were assessed. The 66-100% loss of infective larvae during a blood meal was independant of the initial vector parasite burden. Infective larvae were able to migrate to the mouthparts during a blood meal. Blood feeding by mosquitoes to repletion was one important aspect in the escape of larvae. Infective larvae were not transmitted (lost) without a blood meal and may move in the vector's body. Ae. polynesiensis may retain infectivity potential during several days and may infect several hosts during one blood meal session or on several gonotrophic cycles. In terms of parasite transmission, theses findings were interpreted as efficcient adaptations of the filaria to the Ae. polynesiensis biting habits.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5924,

title = {Control of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of Polynesia by ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg.},

author = {N L Nguyen and J P Moulia-Pelat and J L Cartel},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {90},

pages = {689-91},

abstract = {Community treatment with ivermectin was implemented in Opoa, French Polynesia from April 1991 to October 1993. All consenting inhabitants aged 3 years or more were treated with twice-yearly single doses of ivermectin, pregnant women excepted. A dosage of 100 microgram/kg was used for the 3 first treatments and then abandoned because it did not reduce the prevalence of microfilariae (mf) carriers. With a dosage of 400 micrograms/kg dosage, this prevalence decreased dramatically from 21% to 7%, and the mf level in carriers dropped to only 0.5% of its initial value after 3 treatments. The 400 micrograms/kg dosage was well tolerated and compliance was excellent. The twice-yearly single dose strategy with ivermectin at 400 micrograms/kg is safe and highly effective for filariasis control in an endemic area.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5912,

title = {Epidémie d'hépatite A en Polynésie française en 1995-1996.},

author = {P M V Martin and L Gleize and G Demirtas and M Schneider and J M Baudet and P Biarez and R Cardines and E Chungue},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {BEH},

volume = {44},

pages = {191-2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6404,

title = {Isoprene related esters, significant components of Pandanus tectorius.},

author = {I Vahirua-Lechat and C Menut and B Roig and J M Bessiere and L Malardé},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Phytochemistry},

volume = {43},

pages = {1277-9},

abstract = {Isopentenyl and dimethylallyl acetates and cinnamates have been found in large amounts in an essential oil obtained from the ripe fruit of Pandanus tectorius, their identification has been confirmed by synthesis. This is the first time that these esters, apart from one, have been found in the plant kingdom and, generally speaking, that monoterpene precursors predominate in an essential oil.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5917,

title = {Isolation and structure of ciguatoxin-4A, a new ciguatoxin precursor, from cultures of dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus and parrotfish Scarus gibbus.},

author = {M Satake and Y Ishibashi and A M Legrand and T Yasumoto},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Biosci Biotech Biochem},

volume = {60},

pages = {2103-5},

abstract = {A new ciguatoxin congener, ciguatoxin-4A (CTX4A), was isolated from cultures of marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, and its structure was elucidated to be 52-epiciguatoxin-4B on the basis of spectroscopic data. Chromatographic and spectral comparisons indicated that CTX4A was identical with a structurally unelucidated congener known as scaritoxin or SG1.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5915,

title = {Interaction between gambiertoxin, a dinoflagellate toxin, and ionic channels of myelinated nerve fibers.},

author = {E Benoit and A-M Legrand},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {34},

pages = {1083},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5911,

title = {Lutte contre l'hépatite B en Polynésie française par un programme de vaccination systématique des nouveau-nés avec le vaccin Genhevac B.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and A Spiegel and J L Excler and P M V Martin and J Roux and J P Boutin and C Blondeau and P Saliou},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Cah Sante},

volume = {6},

pages = {11-15},

abstract = {Depuis 1988, un programme de prévention et de vaccination contre l'hépatite B, utilisant un vaccin recombinant produit sur cellules de mammifères (Genhevac B) a été mis en place au bénéfice des nouveau-nés de l'archipel des Australes, zone pilote de la lutte contre l'hépatite B en Polynésie française. Trois calendriers vaccinaux ont été utilisés : l'un à quatre doses aux mois M0 (jour de naissance), M1, M2, M12 et les deux autres à trois doses M0, M1, M6, ou M0, M1, M12. L'évaluation sérologique de ce programme a été effectuée annuellement durant 5 ans. Parmi les 837 enfants ayant reçu au moins une dose de vaccin, 5 sont porteurs de l'antigène HBs. Après une ou deux doses de vaccin, respectivement 88 et 97% des enfants avaient des taux séroprotecteurs d'anticorps anti-HBs et/ou d'anticorps anti-PréS2. Après trois doses de vaccin, les taux de séroprotection et les moyennes géométriques des anticorps anti-HBs étaient respectivement de 95% et de 217 mUI/ml avec le calendrier M0, M1, M2 ; 92% et 389 mUI/ml avec le calendrier M0, M1, M6 et 93% et 344 mUI/ml avec le calendrier M0, M1, M12. Après quatre doses de vaccin (M0, M1, M2, M12), les données correspondantes sont de 100% et 1228 mUI/ml. Parmi les 18 enfants vaccinés nés de mère double porteuse AgHBs-AgHBe, un seul était porteur de l'AgHBs permettant d'évaluer le taux de protection de la transmission périnatale à 94%. Ces résultats suggèrent que, dans les conditions de terrain, une vaccination systématique des nouveau-nés avec le Genhevac B sans utilisation d'immunoglobulines spécifiques confère une protection efficace, précoce et durable. Le calendrier vaccinal recommandé en Polynésie française est M0, M1, M6-M12 (3e dose entre M6 et M12), suivi d'une injection de rappel à l'âge de 6 ans. La vaccination systématique des nouveau-nés a été généralisée depuis le 1er avril 1992 à tous les archipels de Polynésie française. Un programme de rattrapage pour la tranche d'âge 4-10 ans a débuté, utilisant le même calendrier d'immunisation.In 1988, a 5-year vaccination program against hepatitis B was launched for all newborns in a pilot area, the Austral archipelago in French Polynesia. Genhevac B, a recombinant vaccine produced from mammalian cells was administered. Three different immunization schedules were used, none of them including additional specific immunoglobulin: i) four doses, one at each months (M) 0, 1, 2, and 12; ii) three doses one at each MO, M1 and M6; and iii) three doses one at each MO, M1 and M12. Each year during the 5 year period a serological survey was conducted. Of the 837 children who received at least one vaccine dose, 5 were HBsAg carriers. Seroprotection rates for anti-HBs and anti-PreS2 antibodies were 88% after one dose and 97% after two doses. After the third dose, seroprotection rates and geometric mean titers of anti-HBs antibodies were 95% and 217 mIU/ml for schedule (i) (three dose only); 92% and 389 mIU/ml for schedule (ii) and 93% and 344 mIU/ml for schedule (iii) respectively. After four doses (schedule i) the values were 100% and 1228 mIU/ml. Of the 18 newborns whose mothers were positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg, one was a HBsAg carrier. The estimated protective rate for prevention of perinatal transmission was 94%. This study suggests that in field conditions, systematic vaccination of newborns without using specific immunoglobulins can confer early protection. The schedule recommended for use in French Polynesia was three doses, at MO, M1 and M6-12 (between 6 and 12 months) with an additional booster dose at age 6 years, the last year of nursery school. Since April 1992, all children born in French Polynesia have been vaccinated according to this schedule. A catch-up program has been implemented for children aged 4 to 10 years old using a similar immunization schedule.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5913,

title = {Multicentre evaluation of dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay.},

author = {S K Lam and M Y Fong and E Chungue and S Doraisingham and A Igarashi and K Mar Aye and A Nisalak and C Roche and D Vaughn and V Vorndam and K Zin Thant},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {J Clin Diag Virol},

volume = {7},

pages = {93-8},

abstract = {BackgroundThe traditional methods used in the diagnosis of dengue infection do not lend themselves to field application. As such, clinical specimens have to be sent to a central laboratory for processing which invariably leads to delay. This affects patient management and disease control. The development of the dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay has opened up the possibility of carrying out the test in peripheral health settings.

Objectives

This multicentre study was conducted to evaluate a new, commercial nitrocellulose membrane based IgM capture enzyme immunoassay.

Study design

The sensitivity and specificity of the test were compared with in-house dengue IgM enzyme-linked immunoassays routinely performed by each of the selected centres. Known positive and negative dengue specimens, as well as specimens from non-dengue cases, were included in the evaluation.

Results

Based on 402 specimens tested by the six centres, the sensitivity was 92.1% and specificity 88.1%, with an overall agreement of 92.8% when compared with IgM EIA assays performed on microplates.

Conclusions

The results suggest that this commercial kit has a role to play in the diagnosis of dengue infection, especially in peripheral health settings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5914,

title = {Nodal swelling produced by ciguatoxin-induced activation of sodium channels in myelinated nerve fibers.},

author = {E Benoit and P Juzans and A-M Legrand and J Molgo},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Neurosci},

volume = {71},

pages = {1121-31},

abstract = {Ciguatoxin-1b, the major toxin involved in ciguatera fish poisoning, and D-mannitol were examined on frog nodes of Ranvier using confocal laser scanning microscopy and conventional current- and voltage-clamp techniques. During the action of 10 nM ciguatoxin-1b, an increase in nodal volume was observed as determined by digital image processing and three-dimensional reconstruction of axons. The increase was prevented by blocking Na+ channels with tetrodotoxin. Ciguatoxin-1b (10 nM) induced high frequency action potential discharges up to 70-100 Hz. Analysis of Na+ current revealed that the toxin modified a current fraction which was activated at resting membrane potential and failed to inactivate. Increasing the osmolality of the external solution by about 50% with D-mannitol restored the nodal volume to its control value and suppressed spontaneous action potentials. In addition, D-mannitol affected unmodified and ciguatoxin-1b-treated Na+ currents in a similar manner causing a reduction of maximum conductance, negative shifts of current reversal potential and modification of the voltage-dependence of current activation and inactivation. In conclusion, ciguatoxin-1b induced a tetrodotoxin-sensitive swelling of nodes of Ranvier and selectively affected the Na+ current of myelinated axons. It is proposed that ciguatoxin-1b, by modifying Na+ current, increased intracellular Na+ concentration which caused water influx and nodal swelling. This may explain some of the reported symptoms of ciguatera fish poisoning. D-mannitol, an agent used for ciguatera treatment, was found to reverse the effects of ciguatoxin-1b by reducing Na+ entry and increasing the efflux of water through its osmotic action. It is the first time that osmotic changes produced by the selective activation of ionic channels, i.e. Na+ channels, are reported.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5919,

title = {Reversed Mode Na+-Ca2+ exchange activated by ciguatoxin (CTX-1b) enhances acetylcholine release from Torpedo cholinergic synaptosomes.},

author = {Y Morot Gaudry-Talarmain and F A Meunier and N Moulian and A M Legrand},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Ann NY Acad Sci},

volume = {779},

pages = {404-6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5918,

title = {The role of macroalgae in epiphytism of the toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus (Dinophyceae).},

author = {H Nakahara and T Sakami and M Chinain and Y Ishida},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Physiol Res},

volume = {44},

pages = {113-7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6402,

title = {Aromatic plants of French Polynesia : II- Composition of the essential oils of Zingiber spectabile Griffith.},

author = {I Vahirua-Lechat and C Menut and G Lamaty and J M Bessiere},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {J Essent Oil Res},

volume = {8},

pages = {671-3},

abstract = {Six samples of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of stems and leaves of Zingiber spectabile were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The mean oil yields were 0.027% for the leaves and 0.01% for the stems. The oils contained homogeneous qualitative compositions with high percentages of monoterpene hydrocarbons. The major components of the leaf and stem oils were a-pinene (7.44-11.42% and 10.78-13.69%), b-pinene (35.85-49.35% and 23.52-26.17%) and b-phellandrene (16.59-18.45% and 23.11-38.05%), respectively.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5925,

title = {Associations de l'ivermectine et de la diéthylcarbamazine pour obtenir un meilleur contrôle de l'infection en filariose lymphatique.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and N L Nguyen and H Hascoet and L Nicolas},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Parasite},

volume = {3},

pages = {45-8},

abstract = {Depuis 1993, une étude en double aveugle a été organisée en Polynésie française pour comparer l'efficacité de doses uniques annuelles de diéthylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg (DEC 6), d'ivermectine 400 microgrammes/kg (IV 400) et de l'association IVR 400 + DEC 6 dans le traitement de la filariose lymphatique ; 57 porteurs de microfilaires ont été répartis en 3 groupes de traitement de 19 sujets chacun. Douze mois après le premier puis le deuxième traitements (M12 puis M 24) respectivement, 3 (16%) puis 10 (53%), 3 (16%) puis 5 (26%), 7 (37%) puis 10 (53%) des porteurs se sont négativés dans les groupes DEC 6, IVR 400 et IVR 400 + DEC 6. La microfilarémie résiduelle est significativement plus basse dans le groupe IVR + DEC (2% à M12 puis à M24) que dans le groupe DEC 6 (15% à M12 puis 4% à M24) et le groupe IVR 400 (12% à M12 puis 10% à M24). L'association IVR + DEC en doses annuelles répétées permettra un meilleur contrôle de l'endémie filarienne, mais pour obtenir un meilleur impact possible, un programme de lutte devra lui associer l'usage quotidien d'un sel de table enrichi à la DEC.Since 1993, a three arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in French Polynesia to compare the efficacy of single doses of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 6 mg/kg vs. ivermectin (IVR) 400 micrograms/kg vs. the combination IVR 400 + DEC 6 for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti mf carriers. Of the 57 treated male patients, three groups of 19 were randomly selected and allocated to one of the three treatments. Twelve months after the first then the second treatment (M12 then M24) respectively, 3 (16%) then 10 (53%), 3 (16%) then 5 (26%), 7 (27%) then 10 (53%) of patients were mf negative in groups DEC 6, IVR 400 and IVR+DEC. Mf percent return was significantly lower in the group IVR+DEC (2% at M12 then M24) than for the groups DEC 6 (15% at M12 then 4% at M24) and IVR 400 (12% at M12 then 10% at M24). The combination IVR+DEC showed promising results for an annual strategy; to achieve the best results from a control program it is necessary to associate IVR+DEC.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5922,

title = {A polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples.},

author = {M Zhong and J McCarthy and L Bierwert and M Lizotte-Waniewski and S Chanteau and T B Nutman and E A Ottesen and S A Williams},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Am J Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {54},

pages = {357-63},

abstract = {To identify Wuchereria bancrofti DNA sequences that could be used as the basis for a simple and rapid parasite detection assay, a genomic library of W. bancrofti was constructed and screened for highly repeated DNA. The repeat found with the highest copy number was 195 basepairs (bps) long, 77% AT, and 300 copies per haploid genome. This sequence was designated the Ssp I repeat because it has a unique recognition site for that restriction endonuclease in all or most of the repeat copies. The Ssp I repeat DNA family is dispersed, genus-specific, and exists in all of the different geographic isolates of W. bancrofti tested. Based on DNA sequence analysis of this repeat, we have developed an assay to detect very small quantities of W. bancrofti DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With this PCR assay, the Ssp I repeat was detected in as little as 1 pg of W. bancrofti genomic DNA (about 1% of the DNA in one microfilaria) added to 100 microliters of human blood. The PCR assay also amplified Ssp I repeat DNA from geographic isolates of W. bancrofti from around the world but not from other species of filariae or from human or mosquito DNA. Microfilaria-positive human blood samples collected in Mauke, Cook Islands were shown to be Ssp I PCR-positive, while microfilaria-negative samples were PCR-negative. The specificity and sensitivity of the Ssp I PCR assay indicates that this approach has significant potential for improved screening of large human populations for active W. bancrofti infection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5947,

title = {Advantages of an annual single dose of ivermectin 400 µg/kg plus diethylcarbamazine for community treatment of bancroftian filariasis.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and N L Nguyen and H Hascoet and P Luquiaud and L Nicolas},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {89},

pages = {682-5},

abstract = {In 1994 and 1995, 2 supervised single dose treatments for bancroftian filariasis were given to all inhabitants ( > 3500) aged > or = 3 years on a Polynesian island. This island is divided into 4 political zones. Each zone was treated with a different dosage of the combination ivermectin (IVR) and diethylcarbamazine (DEC) as follows: (1) IVR 400 micrograms/kg plus DEC 6mg/kg, (2) IVR 400 micrograms/kg alone, (3) DEC 6 mg/kg alone (4) IVR 400 micrograms/kg plus DEC 3 mg/kg. 1717 inhabitants (aged > or = 20 years) had venous blood sampled when treated. The reductions in microfilaraemia prevalence rates one year after treatment were, respectively, 32%, 11%, 14% and 32%. The reductions in microfilaraemia levels one year after treatment were, respectively, 96%, 80%, 82% and 95%. Stool specimens from 82 children aged 6 years were examined for intestinal nematodes just before and just after treatment. IVR 400 micrograms/kg significantly reduced the prevalence and intensity of trichiuriasis. The combination IVR + DEC is a powerful tool for the control of lymphatic filariasis. Further studies are required to determine the appropriate presentation of DEC (salt and/or tablets), the frequency of treatment, and the duration of the control programme necessary to eradicate this disease.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5928,

title = {a-Thalassaemia and globin gene rearrangements in French Polynesia. Eur J Haematol. 1995; 55(3):171-177.},

author = {G Philippon and J J Martinson and M J Rugless and J P Moulia-Pelat and R Plichart and J Roux and P M V Martin and J B Clegg},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Eur J Haematol},

volume = {55},

pages = {171-7},

abstract = {The prevalence of alpha-thalassaemia and various globin gene rearrangements was determined in 1992 individuals living on 11 islands in French Polynesia. The gene frequencies for alpha(+)-thalassaemia (almost exclusively the -alpha 3.7III deletion form) range from 5.3% to 19.2%. Haematological indices on 177 heterozygotes and 27 homozygotes for the -alpha 3.7III variant showed considerable overlap with indices of normal individuals; although there was a broad correlation of average indices with alpha-globin genotype, individual values were a poor indication of genotype. A non-deletion form of alpha(+)-thalassaemia (alpha alpha Th), triplicated alpha genes (alpha alpha alpha) and single zeta gene (-zeta) chromosomes were present at low frequencies (< 1%), whereas triplicated gamma gene (gamma gamma gamma) and triplicated zeta (zeta zeta zeta) arrangements were more common (1.1-16.3%). alpha 0-thalassaemia, probably introduced from Southeast Asia in the early part of this century, was observed in a number of individuals of Chinese and Chinese/Polynesian ancestry. Because of the high frequency of alpha(+)-Thalassaemia on some islands, it therefore seems likely that haemoglobin H disease (resulting from the interaction between alpha 0 and alpha(+)-thalassaemia) must occur in parts of French Polynesia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5936,

title = {Black flies (Diptera : simuliidae) of the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia : redescriptions and new species.},

author = {D A Craig and O Fossati and Y Séchan},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Can J Zool},

volume = {73},

pages = {775-800},

abstract = {On trouvera ici une nouvelle description de tous les stades de Simulium buissoni Roubaud, 1906. Des larves, nymphes et mâles de S. gallinum Edwards, 1932 ont été associés à l'holotype femelle et on peut en lire ici la description. Il en va de même pour S. adamsoni Edwards, 1932 dont les mâles, aux cerques renflés et aux gonocoxas fusionnées en leur milieu, possèdent une grande plaque ventrale carénée. L'holotype femelle et deux paratypes de S. mumfordi Edwards, 1932 font l'objet de descriptions entièrement nouvelles. Des mâles et des femelles de S. kukaense Séchan, 1983 ont été associés aux nymphes et aux larves et ils sont décrits ici ; tout le matériel type de cette espèce a été perdu et il a donc fallu désigner un néotype. Simulium uaense Séchan, 1983 est mentionné. trois nouvelles espèces sont décrites : S. pichoni Craig, Fossati et Séchan, S. rivieri Craig, Fossati et Séchan et S. séchani Craig et Fossati. La dynamique des populations et les relations interspécifiques font l'objet de brefs commentaires.All stages of Simulium buissoni Roubaud, 1906 are described. Larvae, pupae and males of S. gallinum Edwards, 1932 are associated with the female holotype and all are fully described. Simulium adamsoni Edwards, 1932, the males of which have enlarged cerci, gonocoxae fused medially, and an enlarged keel-like ventral plate, is similarly redescribed. The female holotype and two paratypes of S. mumfordi Edwards, 1932 are fully redescribed. males and females of S. hukaense Séchan, 1983 are associated with the pupae and larvae and described. Since all type material of this species is lost, a neotype is designated. Simulium uaense Séchan, 1983 is briefly mentioned. Three new species are described : S. pichoni Craig, Fossati and Séchan, S. rivieri Craig, Fossati and Séchan, and S. sechani Craig and Fossati. Brief comments are made concerning the bionomics and the relationships of the species.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5949,

title = {Combination ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazine, a new effective tool for control of lymphatic filariasis.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and P Glaziou and G J Weil and N L Nguyen and P Gaxotte and L Nicolas},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Trop Med Parasitol},

volume = {46},

pages = {9-12},

abstract = {In 1993, a three arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in French Polynesia, to compare the tolerance and efficacy of single doses of the combination ivermectin (IVR) 400 micrograms.kg-1 plus diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 6mg.kg-1 vs IVR 400 micrograms.kg-1 or DEC 6 mg.kg-1 alone, for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti carriers. Of the 57 treated male patients in whom microfilaremia (mf) densities ranged from 22 to 4,709 mf/ml, three groups of 19 were randomly selected, and allocated to one of the three treatments. Twelve months after treatment 37%, 16% and 16% of patients were mf negative in groups DEC, IVR and IVR plus DEC respectively. Mf percent return to pretreatment level was significantly lower in the group IVR + DEC (1.9%) than for DEC 6 (14.7%) or IVR 400 (11.6%). Antigenemia percent return to pretreatment level was lower in the groups IVR + DEC or DEC 6 than for IVR 400. The combination IVR + DEC proved to be the most effective on macrofilariae and microfilariae (antigenemia and mf negative patients). The combination will be a very powerful tool for control of lymphatic filariasis. An annual filariasis day could be the most cost-effective strategy for administration of the drugs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5946,

title = {Ciguatoxins, a group of polyether neurotoxins which interact with sodium channel.},

author = {A M Legrand and E Benoit and M Chinain and S Pauillac and J Molgo},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {33},

pages = {717-8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5930,

title = {Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis using the insertion sequence IS6110 and the repetitive element DR as strain-specific markers for epidemiological study of tuberculosis in French Polynesia.},

author = {G Levée and P Grimont and C Martin and S Chanteau and B Gicquel},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {J Clin Microbiol},

volume = {33},

pages = {1899-1904},

abstract = {The polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains was evaluated in French Polynesia, an area with a low incidence of tuberculosis and a population which has been geographically stable during recent decades. Non repetitive strains isolated from 64 patients during 1991 and 1992 were subjected to DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, using the insertion sequence IS6110 and the repetitive element DR as probes. Thirty-eight different IS6110 RFLP types were identified. They could be clustered in 11 groups. All the members of each group are identical or differ by one to three bands. All the other strains are gathered in the miscellaneous group. In some cases, transmission of strains with identical RFLP types between patients of the same family or between patients living in the same area was identified. Strains exhibiting similar IS6110 RFLP types also exhibited identical DR RFLP patterns, confirming that strains with similar types were genetically linked. Strains belonging to two different IS6110 clusters exhibited the same DR RFLP type. These data may also indicate a common origin for these strains and evolution to new IS6110 types. The result obtained in this study suggest that not only reactivation of latent tuberculous infections but also active transmissions are still occurring in French Polynesia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5935,

title = {Dengue virus inhibits the in vitro growth of human hematopoietic progenitors.},

author = {B Murgue and E Chungue and O Cassar and M Guigon},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Blood},

volume = {81},

pages = {2691},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5927,

title = {D2 receptor gene PCR polymorphism, alcohol and cannabis users.},

author = {S Amadeo and M L Fourcade and L Nicolas and M F Brugiroux and C Tetaria and S Chaal and I Sinjoux and M Paul and X Zhang and T Ritchie and E Noble and H P Mallet},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Psychiatric Genetics},

volume = {5},

pages = {S76},

abstract = {World Congress on Psychiatric genetics},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5945,

title = {Effects of ciguatoxin on the electrical activity and the contraction of the frog heart muscle.},

author = {M P Sauviat and A M Legrand},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {33},

pages = {1131-2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5940,

title = {Evaluation of entomopathogenic bacteria against Aedes polynesiensis, the vector of lymphatic filariasis in French Polynesia.},

author = {D R Mercer and L Nicolas and I Thiert},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {J Amer Mosquito Contr Assoc},

volume = {11},

pages = {485-8},

abstract = {Thirteen strains among 3 species of entomopathogenic bacteria were tested against 3 medically important mosquito species in French Polynesia. Two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were highly toxic to Aedes polynesiensis, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Six of 7 strains of Bacillus sphaericus tested were highly toxic to Cx. quinquefasciatus but not to the Aedes spp. Clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia was more toxic to Ae. polynesiensis than to the other 2 species. Entomopathogenic bacteria merit field testing for larval mosquito control in French Polynesia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5929,

title = {Elevated sea-water temperature and solar UV-B flux associated with two successive coral mass bleaching events in Tahiti.},

author = {J H Drollet and M Faucon and P M V Martin},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Mar Freshwater Res},

volume = {46},

pages = {1153-7},

abstract = {After a minor coral bleaching event in 1993, a more dramatic episode occured in Tahiti from March to July 1994. Coral bleaching was recorded along four continuous 25-m-long line transects. Physico-chemical parameters of the sea (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH) were noted once a week, and solar UV-B flux was recorded daily before and during the bleaching episode.Results emphasized the importance of the taxonomic position of coral in susceptibility to bleaching. The evolution of bleaching through time was related to mean daily solar UV-B flux and sea-water temperature. Moreover, comparison of the 1993 and 1994 data suggested temperature and/or UV-B thresholds that may elicit minor or severe bleaching events.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5948,

title = {Filariose lymphatique : vers une meilleure utilisation de la diéthylcarbamazine.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and R Aaraoz and J L Cartel},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Med Trop},

volume = {55},

pages = {103},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5933,

title = {Genetic differentiation of Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue virus in French Polynesia.},

author = {A B Failloux and H T Darius and N Pasteur},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {J Am Mosquito Contr Assoc},

volume = {11},

pages = {457-62},

abstract = {In recent years the incidence of dengue fever epidemics has increased and transmission has tended to be established over a geographically expanding area, including French Polynesia. An increase in air transportation contributes to the diffusion of the dengue virus from Southeast Asia, a region considered to be a hyperendemic dengue zone, to the Pacific region. Presently, little is known about the role of the vector (Aedes aegypti) in the diffusion of the dengue fever virus. A study on the genetic structure of vector populations was conducted using allozyme polymorphism. This study showed a low level of genetic exchange between mosquito populations on different islands. It is concluded that the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in French Polynesia during the last few years was likely due to the dispersal of the dengue virus via viremic people rather than via infected vectors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5939,

title = {Larval growth of Aedes polynesiensis and Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae).},

author = {F Lardeux and A Tetuanui},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Mosquito Systematics},

volume = {27},

pages = {118-24},

abstract = {Head capsule widths of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes polynesiensis Marks were measured on larvae reared individually in the laboratory. Instars could be identified unambiguously by means of their head capsule widths or by simple examination of peaks in the frequency distribution of widths. Aedes aegypti exhibits no sexual differences in development sizes, whereas in Ae. polynesiensis third- and fourth-instar widths were significantly smaller in males than in females. Larval growth can be modeled by linear regression of head widths on instar, for both species. The growth rate of Ae. polynesiensis females is greater than that of males. Although Ae. aegypti always has greater head capsule widths than Ae. polynesiensis males, their growth rates are identical. We suggest the use of a method for statistically analyzing mixtures of Gaussian populations. The method is tested on the Ae. polynesiensis instar 3 and 4 data set, the aim being to identify the subpopulations of males and females. For instar 4, it gave results identical to the simple measurements previously done, but failed when the subpopulations widely overlap, as in instar 3.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5932,

title = {Molecular epidemiology of dengue-1 and dengue-4 viruses.},

author = {E Chungue and O Cassar and M T Drouet and M G Guzman and Laille M. and L Rosen and V Deubel},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {J Gen Virol},

volume = {76},

pages = {1877-84},

abstract = {Genetic variation between geographically and temporally distinct isolates of dengue-1 (DEN-1) and dengue-4 (DEN-4) viruses was investigated. The nucleotide sequences of a fragment of the envelope protein gene encoding amino acids 28 to 87 of 35 DEN-1 isolates and 28 DEN-4 isolates were determined. Maximum nucleotide sequence variation was 6.9% and 4.9% for DEN-1 and DEN-4 viruses, respectively. Taking a divergence of 6% between the nucleotide sequences as the cut-off value, three genotype groups were defined for DEN-1 viruses, whereas only one was observed for DEN-4 viruses. Molecular analysis of isolates from the South Pacific permits the classification of the recent strains of DEN-1 (1988-1989 epidemics) into a genotype distinct from the genotype which comprises earlier strains. This observation suggests that the recent epidemics were due to the introduction of a new genotype rather than to the re-emergence of the earlier strain.Erratum in J. Gen. Virol. 1996 Mars77 (Pt 3) : 565-566},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5931,

title = {Nouvelles techniques diagnostiques de la dengue.},

author = {E Chungue},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Med Mal Infect},

volume = {25},

pages = {696-701},

abstract = {Parmi les arbovirus les plus importants et capables d'infecter l'homme, les virus de la dengue étaient les plus difficiles à isoler et à propager en laboratoire. Or le diagnostic rapide constitue la clé d'une prise en charge adaptée du patient en cas de suspicion de dengue hémorragique/dengue avec syndrome de choc. Par ailleurs, la détection précose d'un risque épidémique est basée en partie sur un diagnostic précoce et rapide des cas suspects. Depuis 1990, de nombreuses techniques de RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction) pour la détection des virus de la dengue ont été décrites et améliorées afin d'obtenir des résultats en quelques heures. Sensible et plus rapide que la culture, la RT-PCR est un outil de diagnostic. Une revue de ces nouvelles techniques est présentée. Leurs limites et leurs applications en diagnostic et en épidémiologie moléculaire sont discutées. Enfin des perspectives pour de nouvelles techniques virologiques et sérologiques seront abordées.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5953,

title = {Place de l'invermectine dans la prophylaxie de la filariose lymphatique.},

author = {J L Cartel and J P Moulia-Pelat and N L Nguyen and A Spiegel and J Roux},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Med Trop},

volume = {55},

pages = {30-3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5934,

title = {Rapid and sensitive streptavidin-biotin amplified fluorogenic enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay (F-ELISA) for the direct detection and identification of dengue viral antigens in serum specimens.},

author = {F Malergue and E Chungue},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {J Med Virol},

volume = {47},

pages = {43-7},

abstract = {Each of the four serotypes of dengue viruses is responsible for a spectrum of illnesses that range from nonspecific febrile syndrome with good prognosis to dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Definite diagnosis of dengue is provided by the detection of virus in acute-phase sera of patients. Virus isolation can be accomplished with mosquito cell lines or mosquito inoculations. However, these methods are time consuming and labour intensive. The reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provides a potential means of rapid diagnosis but requires specialised facilities and equipment and is expensive. Therefore a rapid, simple, sensitive, and economical method for direct detection of viral antigens in viraemic sera is needed for clinical and epidemiological investigations. An amplified fluorogenic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (F-ELISA) is described for the detection and identification of dengue-3 viruses in serum specimens. This assay utilizes biotinylated mouse IgG antibody directed against dengue antigens captured by anti-dengue monoclonal antibody coated onto polystyrene microplate wells. It takes advantage of the high affinity of biotin for the multivalent binding sites of streptavidin-labelled beta-galactosidase, and combines the amplification effect of biotin-streptavidin interaction with the high sensitivity of fluorogenic detection methods. Following optimisation of the procedure by reducing non-specific binding of proteins and enhancing the specific binding of antigens, F-ELISA was tested on 259 sera submitted routinely to our laboratory for confirmation of dengue diagnosis. The sensitivity of the F-ELISA was 90%, the specificity was 99% and the agreement rate was 98% between F-ELISA and virus isolation results.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5950,

title = {Single doses of ivermectin 400 µg/kg-1 : the most effective dosage in bancroftian filariasis.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and P Glaziou and N L Nguyen and J L Cartel},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth},

volume = {26},

pages = {124-7},

abstract = {Forty-three Wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given four successive semi-annual single doses of ivermectin 100 micrograms.kg-1 (IVER 100). The geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentage as compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level was 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. However, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in several individuals: 15 have been considered as 'bad responders' and 28 as 'good responders' individuals. At month 24 (M 24), they were randomly allocated into 2 groups. A first group was treated with a fifty and a sixth dose of IVER 100, at M24 and M30, respectively; the second one was treated, at the same time, with single doses of IVER 400 micrograms.kg-1 (IVER 400). At M 36, the mf recurrence percentage (mf M36/mf M0) was significantly higher in patients treated with IVER 100 than IVER 400 (11% vs 1%, p < 10(-4). From the group IVER 100, 6 out of the 8 'bad responders' remained 'bad responders' whereas there were none of the 7 in the group IVER 400. Moreover, there were only 2 more patients in the group IVER 100 showing sustained complete zero mf, whereas they were 13 in the group IVER 400. Single doses of IVER 400 were effective on 'bad responders'; IVER 400 must be recommended for semi-annual mass treatment in bancroftian filariasis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5941,

title = {The role of passive migration in the dispersal of resistance genes in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus within French Polynesia.},

author = {N Pasteur and M Marquine and F Rousset and A B Failloux and C Chevillon and M Raymond},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Genet Res},

volume = {66},

pages = {139-46},

abstract = {We have investigated the distribution of resistance genes in relation to genetic structure and gene flow between various islands of French Polynesia in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. We show that (1) resistance to organophosphorous insecticides, mediated by A2-B2 esterases, is present in all islands, (2) A2-B2 frequency decreases as distance from Tahiti increases, and (3) genetic differentiation (measured as estimates of the Fst parameter from allozyme polymorphism) between islands is significantly correlated to geographic distances which is also correlated to air or sea commercial traffic. These data are discussed in relation to A2-B2 invasion of French Polynesian islands.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5951,

title = {Variation in the vector competence of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti.},

author = {A B Failloux and M Raymond and A Ung and P Glaziou and P M V Martin and N Pasteur},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Parasitology},

volume = {111},

pages = {19-9},

abstract = {The vector competences of 6 geographic strains of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti were studied using two types of experimental infections. Experimental infection of laboratory-bred mosquitoes fed on the carriers' forearms with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that microfilariae (mf) uptake was directly proportional to the carrier's mf density and, as mf densities decreased, concentration capacity of Ae. polynesiensis increased. It was also shown that infection has an important effect on mosquito mortality, and that the mortality rate differed among mosquito strains. In infections using artificial feeders, the mf uptake was closely regulated, thus showing differences in the vectorial efficiency of Ae. polynesiensis related to the geographic origin of the mosquito strain. The mosquitoes from the Society archipelago were more efficient intermediate hosts than geographically distant strains when infected with W. bancrofti from an island within the archipelago (Tahiti). Mosquito strains from the Society archipelago developed the highest proportion of infective-stage larvae and exhibited the lowest mortality rate when infected with sympatric Tahitian W. bancrofti.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5937,

title = {Variation in the vector competence of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti.},

author = {A B Failloux and M Raymond and A Ung and P Glaziou and P M V Martin and N Pasteur},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Parasitology},

volume = {111},

pages = {19-9},

abstract = {The vector competences of 6 geographic strains of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti were studied using two types of experimental infections. Experimental infection of laboratory-bred mosquitoes fed on the carriers' forearms with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that microfilariae (mf) uptake was directly proportional to the carrier's mf density and, as mf densities decreased, concentration capacity of Ae. polynesiensis increased. It was also shown that infection has an important effect on mosquito mortality, and that the mortality rate differed among mosquito strains. In infections using artificial feeders, the mf uptake was closely regulated, thus showing differences in the vectorial efficiency of Ae. polynesiensis related to the geographic origin of the mosquito strain. The mosquitoes from the Society archipelago were more efficient intermediate hosts than geographically distant strains when infected with W. bancrofti from an island within the archipelago (Tahiti). Mosquito strains from the Society archipelago developed the highest proportion of infective-stage larvae and exhibited the lowest mortality rate when infected with sympatric Tahitian W. bancrofti.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5952,

title = {Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in French Polynesia : age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific IgG and IgG4 responses according to transmission level.},

author = {S Chanteau and P Glaziou and C Plichart and P Luquiaud and J P Moulia-Pelat and N L Nguyen and J L Cartel},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Int J Parasitol},

volume = {25},

pages = {81-5},

abstract = {The age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, Og4C3 antigenemia, anti-Brugia malayi IgG and IgG4 were assessed in 3 villages of low, medium and high transmission level for Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. The prevalence rates for each of the 4 markers were clearly age dependent and their patterns strongly associated with the transmission level. The antigenemia prevalence rate was consistently higher than the microfilaremia prevalence rate, in all age groups. The prevalences of anti-B. malayi IgG and IgG4 responses were very similar and much higher than those of microfilaremia or antigenemia. Antibody responses reached the plateau at an earlier age and at a higher prevalence with increased intensity of transmission. For all the markers, the prevalence rates were significantly higher in males than in females.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5938,

title = {Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariidae : Dipetalonematidae) and its vector Aedes polynesiensis (Diptera : Culicidae) in a french polynesian village.},

author = {F Lardeux and N L Nguyen and J L Cartel},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {32},

pages = {346-52},

abstract = {In March 1991, a study on Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1887) infection rates in its vector, Aedes polynesiensis Marks, was carried out in a village of French Polynesia. Our data were collected 10 yr after the suspension of human mass chemoprophylaxis and served as a baseline for pending ivermectin treatment scheduled in 1991-1993. In total, 1.789 biting females were collected, of which 1.740 were dissected and 1.183 (68%) were parous. Among these, 106 (8,96%) were infected with W. bancrofti and 34 (2,87%) harbored infective L3 larvae. The mean number of larvae per infected mosquito was 2,69, and the mean number of L3 larvae per L3 positive mosquito was 1,44. The Ae. polynesiensis biting index was 4,7 bites per 15 min, but varied significantly among habitats. The highest parous biting rates occurred in fields and peridomestic gardens and the lowest was close to houses. The proportion of parous infected and infective mosquitoes was higher in peridomestic habitats (0,25 infective bites per 15 min) than in domestic habitats (0,09) or in fields (0,11).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5968,

title = {Advantages of ivermectin at a single dose of 400 µg/kg compared with 100 µg/kg for community treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Polynesia.},

author = {N L Nguyen and J P Moulia-Pelat and P Glaziou and P M V Martin and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {88},

pages = {461-4},

abstract = {In April and October in 1991-1993, 5 supervised single doses of ivermectin were given to inhabitants aged > or = 3 years in a Polynesian district: the first 3 treatments were with 100 micrograms/kg and the 2 latter with 400 micrograms/kg. At each treatment, about 97% of the eligible population (899) were treated and blood samples were collected just before treatment from 96% of the 613 inhabitants aged > or = 15 years. Following the 5 successive treatments, adverse reactions were observed in, respectively, 23.8, 13, 6.2, 13.6 and 7.9% of the microfilariae (mf) carriers, and in less than 1% of amicrofilaraemic subjects.Neither the frequency nor the intensity of adverse reactions was significantly different between single doses of 100 micrograms/kg and 400 micrograms/kg. Although the geometric mean microfilaraemia (GMM) was reduced, the mf carrier

prevalence remained unchanged before and after 3 mass treatments with 100 micrograms/kg (21.4 and 20.7% respectively), and the mf recurrence rate 6 months after each dose of 100 micrograms/kg was roughly stable (respectively, 34.3%, 21.6% and 31.2% of the initial GMM). In contrast, after one dose round of 400 micrograms/kg, the mf carrier prevalence decreased significantly to 14.9% (P < 10(-6)), and the mf recurrence rate dropped to 9.9% (P < 10(-3)) of the initial GMM. These results confirm the safety and the effectiveness of 400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin for lymphatic filariasis control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5960,

title = {A 5-year immunization field trial against hepatitis B using a Chinese hamster ovary cell recombinant vaccine in French Polynesian newborns : results at 3 yaers.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and A Spiegel and P M V Martin and R Cardines and J P Boutin and J Roux and J L Excler and P Saliou},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Vaccine},

volume = {12},

pages = {499-502},

abstract = {A hepatitis immunization field trial, using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell recombinant vaccine, was implemented for newborns in the Austral archipelago of French Polynesia in 1988. Three different schedules were used: (1) four vaccine doses at months (M) M0, M1, M2 and M12; (2) three vaccine doses at M0, M1 and M6; and (3) three vaccine doses at M0, M1 and M12. The programme evaluation was performed yearly at fixed dates, i.e. October-November 1989, 1990 and 1991. After the third year, of the 582 children who received one or more doses of vaccine, four were HBsAg carriers. After one or two doses, 88 and 98%, respectively, had seroconverted for at least one of the two measured antibodies, anti-HBs or anti pre-S2. After three doses, seroconversion rates and geometric mean anti-HBs titres were, respectively, 94% and 187 mIU ml-1 using schedule M0, M1, M2; 95% and 507 mIU ml-1 using schedule M0, M1, M6 and 96% and 476 mIU ml-1 using schedule M0, M1, M12. After four doses (M0, M1, M2, M12) the corresponding results were 99% and 1518 mIU ml-1. One of the 16 vaccinated neonates born to HBsAg/HBeAg-positive mothers was an HBsAg carrier, implying a protective rate for the prevention of perinatal transmission of 93%. Overall, these results indicate that, in field conditions, indiscriminate vaccination of newborns with a CHO-recombinant vaccine without hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HiBG) resulted in high immunogenicity. Final evaluation in 1993-1994 will permit confirmation of the effectiveness of the two three-dose vaccine schedules.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5957,

title = {A survey of environmental physico-chemical parameters during a minor coral mass bleaching event in Tahiti in 1993.},

author = {J H Drollet and M Faucon and S Maritorena and P M V Martin},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Aust J Mar Freshwater Res},

volume = {45},

pages = {1149-56},

abstract = {Hermatypic corals along two continuous 25-m-long line transects on the northern and eastern coasts of the island of Tahiti (Arue, outer reef slope, and Hitia'a, fringing reef, respectively) were monitored during a minor episode of coral bleaching in April and May 1993. From early February to the end of May, the physico-chemical parameters of the sea water (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and total solar irradiance) were noted once a week, and solar UV-B radiation was recorded from 1100 to 1400 hours every day. The result are consistent with a synergistic interaction between temperature and UV-B radiation, possibly associated with total solar irradiance. The interval of hour weeks between peaks in solar UV-B radiation and seawater temperature may explain why the 1993 bleaching in Tahiti was minor. Different patterns of bleaching occured in different species, and all corals recovered within four to six weeks.Hermatypic corals appear to have multiform reactions in response to environmental stresses.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5967,

title = {Confocal laser scanning microscopy : a new tool for syudying the effects of ciguatoxin (CTX-1B) and D-Mannitol at motor nerve terminals of the neuromuscular junction in situ.},

author = {J Molgo and P Juzans and A M Legrand},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Memoirs of the Queensland Museum},

volume = {34},

pages = {579-85},

abstract = {The confocal laser scanning microscope was used in cinjunction with the fluorescent probe FM1-43 to study the effects of ciguatoxin (CTX-1B) and D-Mannitol at motor nerve terminals of the neuromuscular junction in situ. CTX-1B caused time-dependent changes in the surface area of motor nerve terminals and perisynaptic Schwann cell at living neuromuscular junctions. These changes were completely prevented by tetrodotoxin indicating that they are related to both entry of Na+ and increased quantal acetylcholine release. D-Mannitol at concentrations reported to exert an effective hydrosyl radical scavenger action neither prevented the action of CTX-1B nor antagonized its effects. However, at higher concentrations D-Mannitol exerted osmotic effects that caused shrinkage of both motor nerve terminals and Schwann cell somata previously swollen by the action of CTX-1B probably by shifting water from the intracellular compartment.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5961,

title = {Correlation between detection of plasminogen cross-reactive antibodies and hemorrage in dengue virus infection.},

author = {E Chungue and L Poli and C Roche and P Gestas and P Glaziou and L J Markoff},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {J Infect Dis},

volume = {170},

pages = {1304-7},

abstract = {Although dengue fever (DF) is usually self-limited, some patients experience severe and prolonged illness characterized by capillary leakage, which may progress to hypovolemic shock (dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome; DHF/DSS) with hemorrhage of unknown etiology. Development of antibodies potentially cross-reactive to plasminogen has been reported in a high percentage of Thai patients with DF and DHF/DSS. Correlation between detection of plasminogen cross-reactive antibodies and hemorrhage was evaluated in 88 Tahitian children with dengue virus type 3 infection who presented with (n = 59) or without (n = 29) hemorrhage. Plasminogen cross-reactive antibodies were found in acute and convalescent sera of 33 and 11 children, respectively (56% vs. 31%, P < .05), and closely paralleled antibodies to the cross-reactive site in dengue virus E protein. Antibodies were more frequent in children with secondary than primary infections (60% vs. 32%, P < .05). Plasminogen cross-reactive antibodies did not correlate with occurrence of DHF/DSS or thrombocytopenia. These results are consistent with the possibility that plasminogen cross-reactive antibodies play a role in the etiology of hemorrhage in dengue virus infection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5973,

title = {Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti larvae in pools of mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction.},

author = {S Chanteau and P Luquiaud and A B Failloux and S A Williams},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {88},

pages = {665-6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5971,

title = {Double-blind controlled trial of a single dose of the combination ivermectin 400 µg/kg plus diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis : result at six months.},

author = {P Glaziou and J P Moulia-Pelat and N L Nguyen and S Chanteau and P M V Martin and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {88},

pages = {707-8},

abstract = {In 1993, a three-arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in French Polynesia to compare the tolerance and efficacy of a single dose of the combination ivermectin (IVR) 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 6 mg/kg vs. IVR 400 micrograms/kg alone vs. DEC 6 mg/kg alone, for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti carriers. Of the 57 treated male patients in whom microfilaria (mf) densities ranged from 22 to 4709 mg/mL, 3 groups of 19 were randomly selected and allocated to one of the 3 treatments. Side effects were experienced by 34 patients (60%), but none suffered a severe reaction. Grade of reaction did not differ between treatment group, but was significantly correlated with the pretreatment mf density. Six months after treatment, 26%, 32% and 53% of patients were amicrofilaraemic in the DEC, IVR and IVR+DEC groups, respectively. Mf levels were 6.3%, and 3.1% and 1.0% of the pretreatment level, respectively, significantly lower in the IVR+DEC group than in both the IVR and DEC comparison groups. The combination IVR+DEC showed promise in term of sustained mf decrease, and could be an effective alternative for lymphatic filariasis control programmes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5966,

title = {Detection of ciguatoxic fish by using the binding property of ciguatoxins to voltage-dependent sodium channels.},

author = {A M Legrand and C Lotte},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Memoirs of the Queensland Museum},

volume = {34},

pages = {576},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5954,

title = {Efficacy of ivermectin for the treatment of head lice (Pediculosis capitis).},

author = {P Glaziou and N L Nguyen and J P Moulia-Pelat and J L Cartel and P M V Martin},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trop Med Parasitol},

volume = {45},

pages = {253-4},

abstract = {Twenty six male and female patients aged 5 to 17 years who had head lice infestation confirmed by eggs presence and received treatments with a single 200 m/kg oral dose of ivermectin in open fashion. At day 14 after treatment, 20 responded to the treatment (77%), and 6 patients (23%) presented with a complete disappearence of eggs and all clinical symptoms. At day 28, 7 patients were healed (27%), but 4 patients of the 6 healed at day 14 presented with signs of reinfestation. This study suggests that ivermectin is a promising treatment of head lice, and a second dose at day 10 should be appropriate for a further comparative trial.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5963,

title = {Freshwater invertebrate fauna of Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia) : comparison between wet and dry season.},

author = {O Fossati and B Wendling and A H Danigo},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Verh Internat Verein Limnol},

volume = {25},

pages = {1841-3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5958,

title = {Follow-up of tuberculosis patients undergoing standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy by using a polymerase chain reaction.},

author = {G Levée and P Glaziou and B Gicquel and S Chanteau},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Res Microbiol},

volume = {145},

pages = {5-8},

abstract = {We have analysed the clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens from pulmonary tuberculosis patients undergoing 6-month chemotherapy, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and standard microbiological methods. In a groupof 19 patients, 11 (58%) were smear- or culture-positive and 13 (74%) were PCR-positive before treatment. Of the 16 patients followed from 2 months after the start of treatment and thereafter, all became smear-negative and culture-negative, whereas, with PCR, 4 (27%), 2 (13%) and 1 (7%) of these patients remained positive after 2, 3 and 6 months, respectively. These results suggest the possible usefulness of PCR in monitoring the efficacy of treatment when bacteriological tests are negative, so as to identify patients with a high risk of relapse.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5955,

title = {Freshwater invertebrate fauna of Nuku Hiva island (French Polynesia) : comparison between wet and dry season.},

author = {O Fossati and B Wendling and A H Danigo},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Verh Internat Verein Limnol},

volume = {25},

pages = {1841-3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5964,

title = {Gambiertoxin-induced modifications of the membrane potential of myelinated nerve fibres.},

author = {E Benoit and A M Legrand},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Memoirs of the Queensland Museum},

volume = {34},

pages = {461-4},

abstract = {The effects of external application of 1.2-24nM of gambiertoxin (CTX-4B), extracted from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, were studied on the membrane potential of myelinated nerve fibres isolated from the frog. At concentrations of 12 and 24nM, CTX-4B induced spontaneous action potential discharge at a frequency of 30-100 Hz. In the presence of 24nM of CTX-4B, the amplitude and duration of these spontaneous action potentials were respectively decreased and increased compared to control action potentials. Toxin-induced spontaneous action potentials were suppressed by increasing the external calcium concentration or by lidocaine. It is concluded that the action of CTX-4B on membrane potential, in some respects, resembles that of moray-eel ciguatoxin previously reported (Benoit et al., 1986).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5959,

title = {Genetic control of susceptibility to leprosy in French Polynesia ; no evidence for linkage with markers on telomeric human chromosome 2.},

author = {G Levée and J Liu and B Gicquel and S Chanteau and E Schurr},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Int J Lepr Mycobact Dis},

volume = {62},

pages = {499-511},

abstract = {Several lines of evidence have suggested a role of genetic factors in susceptibility to leprosy. In the mouse, natural susceptibility to infection with mycobacteria is controlled by the chromosome 1 Bcg locus, a region which is syntenic with a fragment of the human chromosome 2q, region q31-q37. It has been postulated that a human homolog of the Bcg gene controls susceptibility to leprosy per se, and may be located on chromosome 2q. In order to test the influence of this putative gene on leprosy per se, we performed linkage analyses in a set of seven multicase French Polynesian pedigrees, using an affected sib pair method and the LOD score method employing different modes of inheritance. Family members were typed for eight polymorphic loci on chromosome 2q : CRYGP1, FN, TNP1, VIL, DES, INH, PAX3, and UGT1A1. Our data provide evidence against the presence of a gene controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se on human chromosome 2q in the French Polynesian population.Divers indices ont suggéré un rôle de facteurs génétiques dans la susceptibilité à la lèpre. Chez la souris, la susceptibilité naturelle à l'infection par des mycobactéries est sous le contrôle du locus Bcg du chromosome 1, une région synténique avec un fragment du chromosome humain 2q, région q31-q37. On a émis l'hypothèse qu'un homologue humain du gène Bcg contrôle la susceptibilité à la lèpre per se, et pourrait être localisé sur le chromosome 2q. Afin de tester l'influence de ce gène supposé sur la lèpre per se, nous avons réalisé des analyses de lien dans un ensemble de sept généalogies à des cas multiples de Polynésie française, sur base d'une méthode des paires jumelles et de la méthode du score LOD employant différents modes d'héritage. Les membres des familles ont été typés en fonction de huit loci polymorphiques sur le chromosome 2q : CRYGP1, FN, TNP1, VIL, DES, INH, PAX3 et UGT1A1. Nos données plaident contre la présence d'un gène contrôlant la susceptibilité à la lèpre per se sur le chromosome humain 2q dans la population de Polynésie française.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5970,

title = {Ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazine : an additive effect on early microfilarial clearance.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and N L Nguyen and P Glaziou and S Chanteau and E A Ottesen and R Cardines and P M V Martin and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Am J Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {50},

pages = {206-9},

abstract = {The effects of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and the combination of both drugs on levels of microfilaremia (mf) were studied in 30 male Polynesian Wuchereria bancrofti carriers. Microfilarial densities were measured 30 min (H1/2), 1 hr (H1), and 2, 4, 8, 24, and 96 hr (H2, H4, H8, H24, and H96) after supervised single doses of ivermectin plus DEC (400 micrograms/kg plus 1 mg/kg, respectively, 400 micrograms/kg plus 3 mg/kg, respectively, and 400 micrograms/kg plus 6 mg/kg, respectively), DEC (6 mg/kg) alone, and ivermectin (400 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg, respectively) alone given to six groups of five patients each. The results showed that 1) DEC alone or combined with ivermectin induced a rapid clearance of mf after drug intake; at H1/2, the number of circulating microfilariae was reduced to 16%, 8%, 28%, and 31%, respectively, of pretreatment values in the groups receiving ivermectin plus DEC (400 micrograms/kg plus 1 mg/kg, 400 micrograms/kg plus 3 mg/kg, and 400 micrograms/kg plus 6 mg/kg) and DEC (6 mg/kg) alone; 2) ivermectin alone induced a rapid increase of mf densities during the first 2 hr, followed by a sharp decrease from H4 to H96; and 3) between H8 and H96, mf clearance was almost complete with the combination of ivermectin and DEC. A comparison among groups did not show any synergistic interaction between ivermectin and DEC on the clearance of microfilaria, with the effect of each drug being additive to each another.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5969,

title = {Ivermectin 400 µg/kg : long-term suppression of microfilariae in bancroftian filariasis.},

author = {J P Moulia-Pelat and P Glaziou and N L Nguyen and S Chanteau and R Plichart and I Beylier and P M V Martin and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {88},

pages = {107-9},

abstract = {Forty-three Wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given 4 successive semi-annual single doses of vermectin 100 micrograms/kg (IVER 100). The geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentages, compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level, were 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. However, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in 15 individuals, considered as 'bad responders'. At month 24, the subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the first group was treated with a fifth dose of IVER 100 and the second with a first, single dose of 400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin (IVER 400). At month 30, the mf recurrence percentage was significantly higher in patients treated with IVER 100 than in those receiving IVER 400 (61% vs. 8%, P < 0.05). In the IVER 100 group, 6 of the 8 'bad responders' remained 'bad responders', whereas only 2 of 7 did so in the IVER 400 group. Only 3 additional patients in the IVER 100 group became consistently amicrofilaraemic, whereas 9 did so in the IVER 400 group. Two 'good responders' in the IVER 100 group became 'bad responders'. A single dose of 400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin has been demonstrated to be efficient for the treatment of carriers refractory to repeated doses of 100 micrograms/kg and to result in better long-term mf suppression. These results suggest a possible effect of 400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin on macrofilaria.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5962,

title = {Insecticide susceptibility in mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) from French Polynesia.},

author = {A B Failloux and A Ung and M Raymond and N Pasteur},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {31},

pages = {639-44},

abstract = {Susceptibility to six organophosphate (OP), two pyrethroid (PY), and one carbamate (C) insecticides was investigated in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, Aedes aegypti (L.), and Aedes polynesiensis Marks larvae from the island of Tahiti. Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were compared with susceptible reference strains treated simultaneously. A low, but significant, resistance to bromophos (4.6x), chlorpyrifos (5.7x), fenthion (2.4x), fenitrothion (5.0x), temephos (4.3x) and permethrin (2.1x) was found in Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, and to malathion (1.5x), temephos (2.3x), permethrin (1.8x) and propoxur (1.7x) in Ae. aegypti. Cx. p. quinquefasciatus was shown to possess over-produced esterases A2 and B2, which are known to be involved in resistance to OPs in other countries. Ae. polynesiensis was less resistant than the Ae. aegypti reference strain to all insecticides except temephos (1.8x) and permethrin (6.7x). To determine whether Ae. polynesiensis had developed resistance to these insecticides in Tahiti, a geographical survey covering 12 islands of the Society, Tuamotu, Tubuai, Marquesas, and Gambier archipelagoes was undertaken with three insecticides (temephos, deltamethrin, and permethrin). Two- to threefold variations in LC50S were observed among collections. Results are discussed in relationship to the level of insecticide exposure on the different islands.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5956,

title = {Immunotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from genital tract specimens in Tahiti.},

author = {E Chungue and J Soulier and G Philippon and S P Wang},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis},

volume = {13},

pages = {436-8},

abstract = {The distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis immunotypes (serovars) in Tahiti was studied by immunotyping of local isolated using monoclonal antibodies in the micro-immunofluorescence test. From 115 isolates obtained from the genital tracts of patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic and other gynecological consultations, eight immunotypes were identified : E(51.3%), F (16.5%), G (13%), H (5.2%), J (6.9%), D (3.5%), K (1.7%) and I (0.9%). In addition, an isolate with mixed immunotypes, EJ (0.9%), was observed. This distribution was compared with those in different geographical areas.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5974,

title = {Low positive predictive value of anti-Brugia malayi IgG and IgG4 serology for the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti.},

author = {S Chanteau and P Glaziou and J P Moulia-Pelat and C Plichart and P Luquiaud and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg},

volume = {88},

pages = {661-2},

abstract = {Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for anti-Brugia malayi immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgG4 were evaluated on sera from 1561 subjects in French Polynesia for the serodiagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, compared with the test for Onchocerca gibsoni circulating antigen (Og4C3) as a 'gold standard'. The sensitivity of the ELISA-IgG and ELISA-IgG4 assays was 90.8% and 94.5%, and the specificity was 45.9% and 50.7%. The positive predictive values were 41% and 45% respectively for an antigen prevalence rate of 30%. Thus antibody prevalences exceeded by two-fold the antigen prevalence, which itself exceeded by two-fold the prevalence of microfilaraemia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5975,

title = {Og4C3 circulating antigen, anti-Brugia malayi IgG and IgG4 titers in Wuchereria bancrofti infected patients, according to their parasitological status.},

author = {S Chanteau and P Glaziou and P Luquiaud and C Plichart and J P Moulia-Pelat and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Trop Med Parasitol},

volume = {45},

pages = {255-7},

abstract = {This study involved 221 microfilaremic (Mf+), 302 amicrofilaremic (Mf-) antigen positive (AG+) and 1454 Mf-antigen negative (AG-) individuals living in endemic villages. Whatever the group considered, antigen and antibody titers were widely distributed. Og4C3 antigen, detected both in Mf- and Mf+ patients, was significantly higher in Mf+ patients. The Mf parasitological status did not significantly influence the antifilarial antibodies levels in the infected AG+ individuals, although IgG4 was more discriminant. In the supposedly uninfected individuals (Mf-AG-), anti-filarial IgG and IgG4 could be detected in a large proportion of the group. Og4C3 circulating antigen test was confirmed to be a good marker of active Wuchereria bancrofti infection.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5972,

title = {Og4C3 Circulating Antigen : a marker of infection and adult worm burden in Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis.},

author = {S Chanteau and J P Moulia-Pelat and P Glaziou and N L Nguyen and P Luquiaud and R Plichart and P M V Martin and J L Cartel},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {J Infect Dis},

volume = {170},

pages = {247-50},

abstract = {Og4C3 circulating filarial antigen was detected in the sera of 94.5% (259/274) of microfilaremic patients, 32% (239/751) of persons with presumption of filariasis, and 23% (11/48) of chronic filariasis patients. The antigen level was correlated with the microfilariae (Mf) density and patient age (P < .01). It remained stable in patients treated with microfilaricidal drugs. Og4C3 antigen, undetectable in Mf culture media, was demonstrated to be a rare somatic Mf antigen. It appears to be an excreted or secreted antigen from adult filaria. It could be used as a marker of infection and an indicator of adult worm burden.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5965,

title = {The epidemiology of ciguatera fish poisoning.},

author = {P Glaziou and A M Legrand},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Toxicon},

volume = {32},

pages = {863-73},

abstract = {Ciguatera is a toxin-related disease caused by ingestion of a variety of toxic fish living in tropical or subtropical areas. This article aims to look at the epidemiology of the disease, from both the descriptive and analytical points of view, and to discuss them in relation to environmental aspects and socioeconomic impact.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6401,

title = {Aromatic plants of French Polynesia. I- Constituents of the essential oils of rhizomes of three zingiberaceae : Zingiber zerumbet Smith, Hedychium coronarium Koenig and Etlingera cevuga Smith.},

author = {I Vahirua-Lechat and P François and C Menut and G Lamaty and J M Bessiere},

year  = {1993},

date = {1993-01-01},

journal = {J Essent Oil Res},

volume = {5},

pages = {55-9},

abstract = {The essential oils from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet, Hedychium coronarium and Etlingera cevuga from Tahiti Island were studied by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil of Z. zerumbet wad found to be rich in oxygenated derivatives of a-humulene, in particular zerumbone (65.3%), while H. coronium oil contained b-pinene (24.8%) and 1,8-cineole (40.2%) as major constituents. The oil of E. cevuga possessed a characteristic chemical composition where methyl eugenol (47.4%) and (Z)-and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (18.8%) together accounted for more than 60% of the oil.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5979,

title = {Asymétrie et anomalies morphologiques dans la zone hybride de la Lergue (sud de la France). Barbus barbus x Barbus meridionalis.},

author = {H T Darius and P Berrebi},

year  = {1993},

date = {1993-01-01},

journal = {Cahiers Ethologie},

volume = {13},

pages = {243-4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}