@article{5655,

title = {Zika virus.},

author = {D Musso and D J Gubler},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Clin Microbiol Reviews},

volume = {29},

pages = {487-524},

abstract = {Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genus Flavivirus and the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV was first isolated from a nonhuman primate in 1947 and from mosquitoes in 1948 in Africa, and ZIKV infections in humans were sporadic for half a century before emerging in the Pacific and the Americas. ZIKV is usually transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The clinical presentation of Zika fever is nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, especially those due to arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya. ZIKV infection was associated with only mild illness prior to the large French Polynesian outbreak in 2013 and 2014, when severe neurological complications were reported, and the emergence in Brazil of a dramatic increase in severe congenital malformations (microcephaly) suspected to be associated with ZIKV. Laboratory diagnosis of Zika fever relies on virus isolation or detection of ZIKV-specific RNA. Serological diagnosis is complicated by cross-reactivity among members of the Flavivirus genus. The adaptation of ZIKV to an urban cycle involving humans and domestic mosquito vectors in tropical areas where dengue is endemic suggests that the incidence of ZIKV infections may be underestimated. There is a high potential for ZIKV emergence in urban centers in the tropics that are infested with competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5651,

title = {Zika virus, what do we know ?},

author = {D Musso and D Baud and D J Gubler},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Clin Microbiol Infect},

volume = {22},

pages = {494-6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5652,

title = {Zika virus and blood transfusion, experiences from French Polynesia.},

author = {D Musso and J Broult and M Aubry},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Vox Sanguinis},

volume = {111},

pages = {306-322},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5649,

title = {Zika virus: time to move from case reports to case control.},

author = {D Musso and D Baud},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {620-1},

abstract = {Until the French Polynesian outbreak in 201314, Zika virus disease was thought to be only a mild disease. During this outbreak, the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome was 20 times higher than expected.1 Similarly, the emergence of Zika virus in the Americas since 2015 has been associated with a dramatic increase of reported cases of microcephaly.2 As for Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome in French Polynesia, the temporal association between Zika virus outbreaks and microcephaly in Brazil strongly suggests that Zika virus infection during pregnancy might cause severe neurological damage in neonates.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5643,

title = {Zika virus: A new threat to the safety of the blood supply with worldwide impact and implications.},

author = {M C Lanteri and S Kleinlan and S Glynn and D Musso and K Hoots and B Custer and E Sabino and M Bush},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Transfusion},

volume = {56},

pages = {1907-14},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5662,

title = {An international registry for women exposed to Zika virus during pregnancy: time for answers.},

author = {A Panchaud and M Vouga and D Musso and D Baudemail},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {995-6},

abstract = {Barreto and colleagues1 proposed in their Comment in The Lancet a strategic plan of action, at the government level, to manage the present Zika virus epidemic and to increase knowledge about the infection. However, an international collaboration is needed because of the magnitude of situation. Since first suspicion in 2015, evidence suggests that Zika virus should be considered as a teratogenic agent, similarly to the toxoplasmosis, others (syphilis, varicella zoster), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH) agents, until proven otherwise.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5645,

title = {Absence of Serological Evidence of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp.and Coxiella burnetii nfections in American Samoa.},

author = {C Lau and D Musso and E Fournier and P Parola and P Weinstein},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases},

volume = {7},

pages = {703-5},

abstract = {Little is known about the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases in American Samoa (Pacific). A review of literature did not identify any published information on human Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp. or Coxiella burnetii infections in this country. To determine the presence of these diseases, we conducted a serosurvey of American Samoans. The presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia conorii, C. burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay in sera from 197 American Samoan adults. None of the samples had antibodies at a significant level against Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp. or C. burnetii (seroprevalence 0%; one-tailed 95% CI 0-1.86%). We cannot conclude that these pathogens are absent in American Samoa but, if present, their prevalence is probably very low. Q fever has been reported worldwide except in New Zealand and French Polynesia; these new data suggest that the prevalence of Q fever is likely to be very low in the Pacific Islands.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5644,

title = {A novel Ehrlichial agent detected in tick in French Polynesia.},

author = {M Laroche and J Marie and O Mediannikov and L Almeras and J M Berenger and D Musso and P Parola},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Tick and Tick-Borne Diseases},

volume = {7},

pages = {1203-8},

abstract = {Ticks are hematophageous arthropods that are known to host and transmit miscellaneous pathogens including zoonotic bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of tick-associated microorganisms in Tahiti, French Polynesia with molecular tools. A total of 658 ticks from two species including Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Rh. annulatus were collected with forceps on dogs and cattle respectively, or with a flag on pasture in several locations of Tahiti in 2013. Two Rickettsia belonging to the spotted fever group different from R. conorii and R. massiliae were detected by qPCR in two Rh. sanguineus s.l. ticks, but sequencing failed. A Rh. annulatus tick was found positive for a new ehrlichial agent characterized by amplification and sequencing of fragments of the Anaplasmataceae 23S and Ehrlichia 16S genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 23S and 16S sequences reveals that this bacterium is a new genotype, genetically close to Ehrlichia minasensis, a recently described Ehrlichia sp. close to Ehrlichia canis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5640,

title = {Association between Guillain-Barré syndrome and Zika virus infection - Authors' reply.},

author = {A Fontanet and V M Cao-Lormeau and T Dub and H P Mallet and F Ghawche},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet},

volume = {387},

pages = {2600},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5646,

title = {Bilan de l’épidémie à virus Zika survenue en Polynésie française entre octobre 2013 et mars 2014.},

author = {H P Mallet and A L Vial and D Musso},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {BEH},

volume = {20-21},

pages = {367-73},

abstract = {Dans le contexte actuel d'émergence globale du virus Zika, nous rapportons les données épidémio-cliniques de l'épidémie survenue en Polynésie française (région Pacifique) entre octobre 2013 et mars 2014. Les données de surveillance sentinelle syndromique, utilisant une définition de cas originale, couplées au diagnostic par biologie moléculaire ont permis la surveillance de l'épidémie et la description des cas cliniques confirmés. Les premiers clusters de syndromes éruptifs ont été détectés début octobre 2013 et l'identification du virus Zika a été faite par l'Institut Louis Malardé le 30 octobre 2013. Durant les six mois d'épidémie, il a été estimé qu'un total de 32 000 cas suspects avait consulté (11,5% de la population), avec un pic atteint dès la 8e semaine. Les signes cliniques les plus fréquemment rapportés pour les 297 cas confirmés et investigués étaient : éruption maculo-papuleuse (93%), asthénie (78%), fièvre ressentie (72%), arthralgies (65%), hyperhémie conjonctivale (63%). La durée moyenne de l'épisode aigu était de six jours. Des complications neurologiques ou auto-immunes suspectées d'être liées à l'infection par le virus Zika ont été observées pendant l'épidémie. En particulier, 42 cas de syndromes de Guillain-Barré ont été décrits, pour lesquels le lien de causalité a été prouvé a posteriori. Cette épidémie a été la première épidémie de Zika d'importance décrite de manière exhaustive et à l'origine de formes sévères. La souche de virus Zika qui a émergé en Polynésie française a gagné en 2014 le reste du Pacifique et est probablement celle qui circule dans les Amériques depuis 2015.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5672,

title = {Clinical management of pregnant women exposed to Zika virus: an update.},

author = {M Vouga and D Musso and A Panchaud and D Baud},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {773},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5671,

title = {CDC guidelines for pregnant womenduring the Zika virus outbreak.},

author = {M Vouga and D Musso and T V Mieghem and D Baud},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet},

volume = {387},

pages = {843-4},

abstract = {Zika virus is attracting worldwide attention and everyone fears its potential dramatic effects on the fetal brain. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have recently published interim guidelines on management of pregnant women exposed to Zika virus.1 We do, however, have some comments on these recommendations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5661,

title = {Chikungunya Virus Uveitis during French Polynesia Outbreak, 2014-2015.},

author = {T Nhan and T Fallevoz and J J De Pina and V Richard and D Musso},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical Case Reports},

volume = {6},

abstract = {Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. CHIKV is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes; materno-foetal transmission and transmission via corneal graft have been reported. During the poast decade, the status of chikungunya has changed, from a relatively uncommon and poorly documented disease, to an emerging disease, and now to a global public health concern. CHIKV now circulates in all inhabited continents. From 2011, CHIKV merged in the Pacific region and was responsible for a massive outbreak in French Polynesia in 2014-2015 affecting about 25% of the population in a context of co-circulation with dengue virus (DENV). CHIKV mainly causes acute fever and severe and persistent polyarthralgia. Ocular involvement has been described during chikungunya fever but few were well-documented. We herein report a laboratory-confirmed case of CHIKV-associated uveitis during the French Polynesia outbreak.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5647,

title = {Ciguatera fish poisoning: Incidence, health costs and risk perception on Moorea Island (Society archipelago, French Polynesia).},

author = {E Morin and C M Gatti and T Bambridge and M Chinain},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Harmful Algae},

volume = {60},

pages = {1-10},

abstract = {Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a non-bacterial seafood poisoning well characterized in the remote archipelagos of French Polynesia, yet poorly documented in the Society archipelago, most notably on Moorea, the second most populated island in French Polynesia, which counts a high proportion of fishermen fishing on a regular basis. To address this knowledge gap, a holistic study of the ciguatera issue was conducted on Moorea. First, ciguatera risk was analysed in terms of incidence rate, fish species most commonly involved and risk stratification in Moorea lagoon based on 20072013 epidemiological data. A mean incidence rate of 8 cases per 10,000 inhabitants for the study period and an average under-reporting rate of 54% were found. Taking into account hospitalization and medication fees, and loss of productive days, the health-related costs due to CFP were estimated to be USD $1613 and $749 for each reported and unreported case, respectively, with an overall cost of USD $241,847 for the study period. Comparison of the present status of CFP on Moorea with a risk map established in the late 1970’s showed that the spatial distribution of the risk has stayed relatively stable in time, with the north shore of the island remaining the most prone to ciguatera. Evaluation of the current knowledge on CFP among different populations groups, i.e. fishermen, residents and visitors, was also conducted through direct and indirect interviews. About half of the fishermen interviewed were actually able to identify risky fishing areas. While, overall, the CFP risk perception in the fishing community of Moorea seemed accurate, although not scientifically complete, it was sufficient for the safe practice of their fishing activities. This may be due in part to adaptive responses adopted by 36% of the fishermen interviewed, such as the avoidance of either high-risk fishing sites or toxic species. At the residents and visitors’ level, the study points out a striking lack of awareness of the CFP issue among visitors, as compared to local residents. Indeed, less than 25% of Moorea visitors vs. an average of 98% in residents were aware of CFP or of its presence on the island. Interestingly, evaluation of the fish consumption preferences showed that 70% of visitors do not consume lagoon fish during their stay, not for fear of CFP, but mainly due to the lack of availability of these species in recreational facilities or because they have nutritional preference for pelagic fish. This lack of awareness, along with the report by several CFP patients of the consumption of fish species yet banned for sale, stress the need for improved communication efforts on this critical issue among both residents and visitors on Moorea. The implementation of a public outreach strategy is proposed, based on both existing information networks and low-cost communication actions through information displays at various strategic locations, e.g. Tahiti-Faa’a international airport, the ferry boat station, recreational facilities, as well as the major trading points on Moorea Island.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5642,

title = {Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.},

author = {J C Lagier and S Khelaifia and A M Tidjani and S Ndongo and N Dione and P Hugon and A Caputo and F Cadoret and S Traore and E H Seck and G Dubourg and G Durand and G Mourembou and E Guilhot and A Togo and S Bellali and D Bachar and N Cassir and F Bittar and J and Delerce},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nature Microbiol},

volume = {1},

pages = {doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.203.},

abstract = {Metagenomics revolutionized the understanding of the relations among the human microbiome, health and diseases, but generated a countless number of sequences that have not been assigned to a known microorganism1. The pure culture of prokaryotes, neglected in recent decades, remains essential to elucidating the role of these organisms2. We recently introduced microbial culturomics, a culturing approach that uses multiple culture conditions and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and 16S rRNA for identification2. Here, we have selected the best culture conditions to increase the number of studied samples and have applied new protocols (fresh-sample inoculation; detection of microcolonies and specific cultures of Proteobacteria and microaerophilic and halophilic prokaryotes) to address the weaknesses of the previous studies3-5. We identified 1,057 prokaryotic species, thereby adding 531 species to the human gut repertoire: 146 bacteria known in humans but not in the gut, 187 bacteria and 1 archaea not previously isolated in humans, and 197 potentially new species. Genome sequencing was performed on the new species. By comparing the results of the metagenomic and culturomic analyses, we show that the use of culturomics allows the culture of organisms corresponding to sequences previously not assigned. Altogether, culturomics doubles the number of species isolated at least once from the human gut.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5629,

title = {Clinical management of pregnant women exposed to zika virus.},

author = {D Baud and T V Mieghem and D Musso and A C Truttmann and A Panchaud and M Vouga},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {523},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5628,

title = {Congenital Zika syndrome: time to harness shared data centralized in an international registry.},

author = {D Baud and P Gerardin and A Merriam and M P Alves and D Musso and B Genton and A Panchaud},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {BMJ},

volume = {354},

abstract = {ObjectivesTo provide contemporary estimates of the prevalence of microcephaly in Europe, determine if the diagnosis of microcephaly is consistent across Europe, and evaluate whether changes in prevalence would be detected using the current European surveillance performed by EUROCAT (the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies).

Design Questionnaire and population based observational study.

Setting 24 EUROCAT registries covering 570 000 births annually in 15 countries.

Participants Cases of microcephaly not associated with a genetic condition among live births, fetal deaths from 20 weeks’ gestation, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly at any gestation.

Main outcome measures Prevalence of microcephaly (1 Jan 2003-31 Dec 2012) analysed with random effects Poisson regression models to account for heterogeneity across registries.

Results

16 registries responded to the questionnaire, of which 44% (7/16) used the EUROCAT definition of microcephaly (a reduction in the size of the brain with a skull circumference more than 3 SD below the mean for sex, age, and ethnic origin), 19% (3/16) used a 2 SD cut off, 31% (5/16) were reliant on the criteria used by individual clinicians, and one changed criteria between 2003 and 2012. Prevalence of microcephaly in Europe was 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.16 to 1.96) per 10 000 births, with registries varying from 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) to 4.3 (3.6 to 5.0) per 10 000 (?2=338},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5659,

title = {Detection of chikungunya virus in saliva and urine},

author = {D Musso and A Teissier and E Rouault and S Teururai and J J De Pina},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Virol J},

volume = {13},

pages = {102},

abstract = {BackgroundSaliva and urine have been used for arthropod-borne viruses molecular detection but not yet for chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We investigated the use of saliva and urine for molecular detection of CHIKV during the French Polynesian outbreak.

Methods

During the French Polynesian chikungunya outbreak (20142015), we collected the same day blood and saliva samples from 60 patients with probable chikungunya (47 during the 1st week post symptoms onset and 13 after), urine was available for 39 of them. All samples were tested using a CHIKV reverse-transcription PCR.

Results

Forty eight patients had confirmed chikungunya. For confirmed chikungunya presenting during the 1st week post symptoms onset, CHIKV RNA was detected from 86.1 % (31/36) of blood, 58.3 % (21/36) of saliva and 8.3 % (2/24) of urine. Detection rate of CHIKV RNA was significantly higher in blood compared to saliva. For confirmed chikungunya presenting after the 1st week post symptoms onset, CHIKV RNA was detected from 8.3 % (1/12) of blood, 8.3 % (1/12) of saliva and 0 % (0/8) of urine.

Conclusions

In contrast to Zika virus (ZIKV), saliva did not increased the detection rate of CHIKV RNA during the 1st week post symptoms onset. In contrast to ZIKV, dengue virus and West Nile virus, urine did not enlarged the window of detection of CHIKV RNA after the 1st week post symptoms onset. Saliva can be used for molecular detection of CHIKV during the 1st week post symptoms onset only if blood is impossible to collect but with a lower sensitivity compared to blood.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5654,

title = {Documentation of transfusion-transmitted arbovirus infections in endemic areas.},

author = {D Musso and E Gould and M C Lanteri},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Transfusion},

volume = {56},

pages = {3143-4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5639,

title = {Dengue virus sero-cross-reactivity drives antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with zika virus.},

author = {D Dejnirattisai and P Supasa and W Wongwiwat and A Rouvinski and G Barba-Spaeth and T Duangchinda and A Sakuntabhai and V M Cao-Lormeau and P Malasit and F A Rey and J Mongkolsapaya and G R Screaton},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nature Immunology},

volume = {17},

pages = {1102-8},

abstract = {Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 and was thought to lead to relatively mild disease. The recent explosive outbreak of ZIKV in South America has led to widespread concern, with reports of neurological sequelae ranging from Guillain Barré syndrome to microcephaly. ZIKV infection has occurred in areas previously exposed to dengue virus (DENV), a flavivirus closely related to ZIKV. Here we investigated the serological cross-reaction between the two viruses. Plasma immune to DENV showed substantial cross-reaction to ZIKV and was able to drive antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV infection. Using a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to DENV, we showed that most antibodies that reacted to DENV envelope protein also reacted to ZIKV. Antibodies to linear epitopes, including the immunodominant fusion-loop epitope, were able to bind ZIKV but were unable to neutralize the virus and instead promoted ADE. Our data indicate that immunity to DENV might drive greater ZIKV replication and have clear implications for disease pathogenesis and future vaccine programs for ZIKV and DENV.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5667,

title = {Evidence of the bioaccumulation of ciguatoxins in giant clams (Tridacna maxima) exposed to Gambierdiscus spp. Cells.},

author = {M Roué and H T Darius and S Picot and A Ung and J Viallon and N Gaertner-Mazouni and M Sibat and Z Amzil and M Chinain},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Harmful Algae},

volume = {57},

pages = {78-87},

abstract = {Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne disease classically related to the consumption of tropical coral reef fishes contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs), neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates of the Gambierdiscus genus. Severe atypical ciguatera-like incidents involving giant clams, a marine resource highly consumed in the South Pacific, are also frequently reported in many Pacific Islands Countries and Territories. The present study was designed to assess the ability of giant clams to accumulate CTXs in their tissues and highlight the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Since giant clams are likely to be exposed to both free-swimming Gambierdiscus cells and dissolved CTXs in natural environment, ex situ contamination experiments were conducted as follows: giant clams were exposed to live or lyzed cells of TB92, a highly toxic strain of G. polynesiensis containing 5.83 ± 0.85 pg P-CTX-3C equiv. cell-1vs. HIT0, a weakly toxic strain of G. toxicus containing only (2.05 ± 1.16) × 10-3 pg P-CTX-3C equiv. cell-1, administered over a 48 h period at a concentration of 150 cells mL-1. The presence of CTXs in giant clams tissues was further assessed using the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a). Results showed that giant clams exposed to either lyzed or live cells of TB92 were able to bioaccumulate CTXs at concentrations well above the safety limit recommended for human consumption, i.e. 3.28 ± 1.37 and 2.92 ± 1.03 ng P-CTX-3C equiv. g-1 flesh (wet weight), respectively, which represented approximately 3% of the total toxin load administered to the animals. In contrast, giant clams exposed to live or lyzed cells of HIT0 were found to be free of toxins, suggesting that in the nature, the risk of contamination of these bivalves is established only in the presence of highly toxic blooms of Gambierdiscus. Liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) analyses confirmed CBA-N2a results and also revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major CTX congener retained in the tissues of giant clams fed with TB92 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to provide evidence of the bioaccumulation of Gambierdiscus CTXs in giant clams and confirms that these bivalve molluscs can actually constitute another pathway in ciguatera poisonings. While most monitoring programs currently focus on fish toxicity, these findings stress the importance of a concomitant surveillance of these marine invertebrates in applicable locations for an accurate assessment of ciguatera risk.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5648,

title = {Emergence du virus Zika: ne pas confondre détection d'anticorps lors d'études anciennes et circulation actuelle.},

author = {D Musso},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Virologie},

volume = {20},

pages = {145-6},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5660,

title = {Fatal leptospirosis and chikungunya co-infection: do not forget leptospirosis during chinkungunya outbreaks.},

author = {T Nhan and E Bonnieux and J J De Pina and D Musso},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {IDCases},

volume = {5},

abstract = {In endemic areas, leptospirosis can be missed by erroneous clinical or laboratory diagnosis of arboviroses or co-infections with arboviruses and an increase in mortality due to leptospirosis has already been reported during arboviruses outbreaks. During the French Polynesian chikungunya virus outbreak in 2014-2015, two leptospirosis and chikungunya co-infections were reported, one of which was fatal. Diagnosis of leptospiroses was delayed in the context of chikungunya outbreak. In the context of arbovirus outbreak, the risk of misdiagnosis of leptospirosis is maximum and clinicians should initiate early antibiotic therapy if leptospirosis is suspected. A delayed diagnosis of leptospirosis can be responsible for fatal outcome. Leptospirosis should be considered even if dengue or chikungunya virus infections are confirmed by reference molecular testing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5641,

title = {Fluorescent receptor binding assay for detecting ciguatoxins in fish.},

author = {D R Hardison and W C Holland and J R McCall and A J Bourdelais and D G Baden and H T Darius and M Chinain and P A Tester and D Shea and Jr. J A Morris and R W Litaker},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {PLOS One},

volume = {11},

pages = {e0153348},

abstract = {Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness suffered by > 50,000 people yearly after consumption of fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). One of the current methodologies to detect ciguatoxins in fish is a radiolabeled receptor binding assay (RBA(R)). However, the license requirements and regulations pertaining to radioisotope utilization can limit the applicability of the RBA(R) in certain labs. A fluorescence based receptor binding assay (RBA(F)) was developed to provide an alternative method of screening fish samples for CTXs in facilities not certified to use radioisotopes. The new assay is based on competition binding between CTXs and fluorescently labeled brevetoxin-2 (BODIPY®- PbTx-2) for voltage-gated sodium channel receptors at site 5 instead of a radiolabeled brevetoxin. Responses were linear in fish tissues spiked from 0.1 to 1.0 ppb with Pacific ciguatoxin-3C (P-CTX-3C) with a detection limit of 0.075 ppb. Carribean ciguatoxins were confirmed in Caribbean fish by LC-MS/MS analysis of the regional biomarker (C-CTX-1). Fish (N = 61) of six different species were screened using the RBA(F). Results for corresponding samples analyzed using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) correlated well (R2 = 0.71) with those of the RBA(F), given the low levels of CTX present in positive fish. Data analyses also showed the resulting toxicity levels of P-CTX-3C equivalents determined by CBA-N2a were consistently lower than the RBA(F) affinities expressed as % binding equivalents, indicating that a given amount of toxin bound to the site 5 receptors translates into corresponding lower cytotoxicity. Consequently, the RBA(F), which takes approximately two hours to perform, provides a generous estimate relative to the widely used CBA-N2a which requires 2.5 days to complete. Other RBA(F) advantages include the long-term (> 5 years) stability of the BODIPY®- PbTx-2 and having similar results as the commonly used RBA(R). The RBA(F) is cost-effective, allows high sample throughput, and is well-suited for routine CTX monitoring programs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5668,

title = {Genome sequence of a candidate World Health Organization reference strain for Zika virus for nucleic acid testing.},

author = {J H Trosemeier and D Musso and J Bluemel and J Thézé and O Pybus and S Baylis},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Genome Announcement},

volume = {4},

pages = {pii: e00917-16},

abstract = {We report here the sequence of a candidate reference strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) developed on behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO). The ZIKV reference strain is intended for use in nucleic acid amplification (NAT)-based assays for the detection and quantification of ZIKV RNA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5637,

title = {Genome sequence and description of Actinomyces polynesiensis str. MS2 sp. nov. isolated from the human gut.},

author = {T Cimmino and S Metidji and N Labas and S Le Page and D Musso and D Raoult},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {12},

pages = {1-5},

abstract = {Actinomyces polynesiensis strain MS2 gen. nov., sp. nov. is a newly proposed genus within the family Actinomycetaceae, isolated from the stools of a healthy individual in Raiatea Island (French Polynesia, South Pacific). Actinomyces massiliensis is an anaerobic, Gram-positive organism. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation-2 943 271 bp with a 70.80% G+C content, assembled into 15 scaffolds and containing 2080 genes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5633,

title = {Guillain-Barré Syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study.},

author = {V M Cao-Lormeau and V M Blake and S Mons and S Lastere and C Roche and J Vanhomwegen and T Dub and L Baudouin and A Teissier and P Larre and A L Vial and C Decam and V Choumet and S K Halstead and H J Willison and L Musset and J C Manuguerra and P Despres and Fournie},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet},

volume = {387},

pages = {1531-9},

abstract = {BackgroundBetween October, 2013, and April, 2014, French Polynesia experienced the largest Zika virus outbreak ever described at that time. During the same period, an increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome was reported, suggesting a possible association between Zika virus and Guillain-Barré syndrome. We aimed to assess the role of Zika virus and dengue virus infection in developing Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Methods

In this case-control study, cases were patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome diagnosed at the Centre Hospitalier de Polynésie Française (Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia) during the outbreak period. Controls were age-matched, sex-matched, and residence-matched patients who presented at the hospital with a non-febrile illness (control group 1; n=98) and age-matched patients with acute Zika virus disease and no neurological symptoms (control group 2; n=70). Virological investigations included RT-PCR for Zika virus, and both microsphere immunofluorescent and seroneutralisation assays for Zika virus and dengue virus. Anti-glycolipid reactivity was studied in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome using both ELISA and combinatorial microarrays.

Findings

42 patients were diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome during the study period. 41 (98%) patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome had anti-Zika virus IgM or IgG, and all (100%) had neutralising antibodies against Zika virus compared with 54 (56%) of 98 in control group 1 (p<0·0001). 39 (93%) patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome had Zika virus IgM and 37 (88%) had experienced a transient illness in a median of 6 days (IQR 410) before the onset of neurological symptoms, suggesting recent Zika virus infection. Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome had electrophysiological findings compatible with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) type, and had rapid evolution of disease (median duration of the installation and plateau phases was 6 [IQR 49] and 4 days [310], respectively). 12 (29%) patients required respiratory assistance. No patients died. Anti-glycolipid antibody activity was found in 13 (31%) patients, and notably against GA1 in eight (19%) patients, by ELISA and 19 (46%) of 41 by glycoarray at admission. The typical AMAN-associated anti-ganglioside antibodies were rarely present. Past dengue virus history did not differ significantly between patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and those in the two control groups (95%, 89%, and 83%, respectively).

Interpretation

This is the first study providing evidence for Zika virus infection causing Guillain-Barré syndrome. Because Zika virus is spreading rapidly across the Americas, at risk countries need to prepare for adequate intensive care beds capacity to manage patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Funding

Labex Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases, EU 7th framework program PREDEMICS. and Wellcome Trust.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5631,

title = {Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Aedes aegypti, the Main Arbovirus Vector in the Pacific.},

author = {E Calvez and L Guillaumot and L Millet and J Marie and H C Bossin and V Rama and A Faamoe and S Kilama and M Teurlai and F Mathieu-Daudé and M Dupont-Rouzeyrol},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Plos Neg Trop Dis},

volume = {10},

pages = {e0004374},

abstract = {The Pacific region is an area unique in the world, composed of thousands of islands with differing climates and environments. The spreading and establishment of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in these islands might be linked to human migration. Ae. aegypti is the major vector of arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses) in the region. The intense circulation of these viruses in the Pacific during the last decade led to an increase of vector control measures by local health authorities. The aim of this study is to analyze the genetic relationships among Ae. aegypti populations in this region.Methodology/Principal Finding

We studied the genetic variability and population genetics of 270 Ae. aegypti, sampled from 9 locations in New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga and French Polynesia by analyzing nine microsatellites and two mitochondrial DNA regions (CO1 and ND4). Microsatellite markers revealed heterogeneity in the genetic structure between the western, central and eastern Pacific island countries. The microsatellite markers indicate a statistically moderate differentiation (FST = 0.136; P < = 0.001) in relation to island isolation. A high degree of mixed ancestry can be observed in the most important towns (e.g. Noumea, Suva and Papeete) compared with the most isolated islands (e.g. Ouvea and Vaitahu). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of samples are related to Asian and American specimens.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results suggest a link between human migrations in the Pacific region and the origin of Ae. aegypti populations. The genetic pattern observed might be linked to the island isolation and to the different environmental conditions or ecosystems.

Author Summary

Aedes aegypti is the major arbovirus vector in the Pacific region. The spread of this mosquito in the different islands seems to be linked to human activities at the beginning of the twentieth century. Since 2010, occurrence of arbovirus outbreaks increased in this region, with the co-circulation of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. The lack of vaccines and treatments for these pathogens led the health authorities to implement vector control measures. In this study, we present the genetic structure and the phylogenetic data obtained from the analysis of 270 Ae. aegypti collected in the Pacific region. The infestation of the islands seems to have American and Asian origins. The genetic structure of the vector populations indicates a differentiation of the mosquitoes between the western, central and eastern Pacific island countries and the specific island isolation context. This differentiation could be related to the different environmental conditions in each island country.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5664,

title = {How did Zika virus emerge in the Pacific islands and Latin America?},

author = {J H Pettersson and V Eldholm and S J Seligman and A Lundvist and A K Falconar and M W Gaunt and D Musso and A Nougairede and R Charel and E A Gould and X De Lamballerie},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {MBio},

volume = {7},

pages = {pii: e01239-16},

abstract = {The unexpected emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Pacific Islands and Latin America and its association with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZVS) (which includes microcephaly) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have stimulated wide-ranging research. High densities of susceptible Aedes spp., immunologically naive human populations, global population growth with increased urbanization, and escalation of global transportation of humans and commercial goods carrying vectors and ZIKV undoubtedly enhanced the emergence of ZIKV. However, flavivirus mutations accumulate with time, increasing the likelihood that genetic viral differences are determinants of change in viral phenotype. Based on comparative ZIKV complete genome phylogenetic analyses and temporal estimates, we identify amino acid substitutions that may be associated with increased viral epidemicity, CZVS, and GBS. Reverse genetics, vector competence, and seroepidemiological studies will test our hypothesis that these amino acid substitutions are determinants of epidemic and neurotropic ZIKV emergence.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5630,

title = {Inactivation and removal of Zika virus during manufacture of plasma derived medicinal products.},

author = {J Blumel and D Musso and T Miyabayashi and K Boller and B S Schnierle and S A Baylis},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Transfusion},

volume = {57},

pages = {790-6},

abstract = {BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne Flavivirus of major public health concern. The potential for ZIKV transmission by blood transfusion has been demonstrated; however, inactivation or removal of ZIKV during the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products has not been specifically investigated.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Inactivation of ZIKV by pasteurization and solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment was investigated by spiking high-titer ZIKV stocks into human serum albumin and applying either heat or adding different mixtures of S/D reagents and assaying for infectious virus particles. Removal of ZIKV was evaluated using filters of differing pore sizes (75, 40, 35, and 19 nm), assaying for infectious virus and RNA. Electron microscopy was performed to determine the size of ZIKV particles. Neutralization of virus infectivity by immunoglobulins was investigated.

Results

ZIKV was effectively and rapidly inactivated by liquid heat treatment as well as by various mixtures of S/D reagents with reduction factors more than 4 log, in each case. Effective reduction of ZIKV infectivity was demonstrated for virus filtration for filters with average pore sizes of not more than 40 nm, although a significant proportion of virus RNA was detected in the 40- to 35-nm filtrates likely due to the presence of subviral particles observed by electron microscopy. None of the immunoglobulin preparations investigated neutralized ZIKV infectivity.

Conclusions

Pasteurization and S/D treatment very rapidly inactivated ZIKV and filters with a pore size of not more than 40 nm removed all infectious ZIKV, demonstrating the effectiveness of these virus reduction strategies used during the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5626,

title = {Inactivation of Zika virus in plasma with amotosalen and ultraviolet A illumination.},

author = {M Aubry and V Richard and J Green and J Broult and D Musso},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Transfusion},

volume = {56},

pages = {33-40},

abstract = {Background(ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by mosquitoes. The potential for ZIKV transmission through blood transfusion was demonstrated during the ZIKV outbreak that occurred in French Polynesia from October 2013 to April 2014. Pathogen inactivation of blood products is a proactive strategy that provides the potential to reduce transfusion-transmitted diseases. Inactivation of arboviruses by amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) illumination was previously demonstrated for chikungunya, West Nile, and dengue viruses. We report here the efficiency of this process for ZIKV inactivation of human plasma.

Study design and methods

Plasma units were spiked with ZIKV. Viral titers and RNA loads were measured in plasma before and after amotosalen and UVA photochemical treatment.

Results

The mean ZIKV titers and RNA loads in plasma before inactivation were respectively 6.57 log TCID50 /mL and 10.25 log copies/mL. After inactivation, the mean ZIKV RNA loads was 9.51 log copies/mL, but cell cultures inoculated with inactivated plasma did not result in infected cells and did not produce any replicative virus after one passage, nor detectable viral RNA from the second passage.

Conclusion

In this study we demonstrate that amotosalen combined with UVA light inactivates ZIKV in fresh-frozen plasma. This inactivation process is of particular interest to prevent plasma transfusion-transmitted ZIKV infections in areas such as French Polynesia, where several arboviruses are cocirculating.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5657,

title = {Molecular detection of Zika virus in blood and RNA load determination during the French Polynesian outbreak.},

author = {D Musso and E Rouault and A Teissier and M C Lanteri and K Zisou and J Broult and E Grange and T Nhan and M Aubry},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {J Med Virol},

volume = {89},

pages = {1505-10},

abstract = {BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) viremia is reported as low and transient, however, these estimates rely on limited data. We report RNA loads in sera collected from symptomatic patients during the 2013-2014 French Polynesian ZIKV outbreak.

Methods

We performed molecular detection of ZIKV RNA in sera from 747 patients presenting with suspected acute phase ZIKV infection. Among patients with confirmed infection, we analyzed the duration of viremia, assessed viral RNA loads and recorded the main clinical symptoms.

Results

A total of 210/747 (28.1%) sera tested positive using a ZIKV-specific RT-PCR. Viral RNA loads in symptomatic patients that ranged from 5 to 3.7 × 106 copies/mL (mean 9.9 × 104 copies/mL) were not related to a particular clinical presentation, and were significantly lower than those previously obtained from asymptomatic ZIKV infected blood donors.

Conclusions

The rate of detection of ZIKV RNA in sera from suspected cases of acute phase ZIKV infection was low. ZIKV RNA loads were lower in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic blood donors and were lower than RNA loads usually reported in dengue infections. As there is no abrupt onset of symptoms in ZIKV infections, we suggest that infected patients sought for medical attention when viremia was already decreasing or had resolved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5663,

title = {Rickettsia felis: the next mosquito-borne outbreak ?},

author = {P Parola and D Musso and D Raoult},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect Dis},

volume = {16},

pages = {1112-3},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5650,

title = {Should testing of donors be restricted to active Zika virus areas?},

author = {D Musso and D Baud and D Freedman},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Lancet},

volume = {16},

pages = {1108-9},

abstract = {Jean Michel Mansuy and colleagues1 report the detection of Zika virus in the semen of a patient returning from a non-epidemic area, even while usual recommendations limit testing to only those returning from epidemic areas.1 However, categorisation of Zika-virus-affected countries by WHO, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and others differ and are often discordant and their update cycles for recommendations for those exposed in endemic and epidemic areas vary in timeliness (appendix).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5638,

title = {Simulating social-ecological systems: the Island Digital Ecosystem Avatars (IDEA) consortium.},

author = {N Davies and D Field and D Gavaghan and S J Holbrook and S Planes and M Troyer and M Bonsall and J Claudet and G Roderick and R J Schmitt and L A Zettler and V Berteaux and H C Bossin and C Cabasse and A Collin and J Deck and T Dell and J Dunne and Gates and M and Harfoot},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {GigaSciences},

volume = {5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5636,

title = {Studies on the benthic genus Sinophysis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) II. S. canaliculata from Rapa Island (French Polynesia).},

author = {N Chomerat and C M Gatti and E Nezan and M Chinain},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Phycologia},

volume = {56},

pages = {193-203},

abstract = {The poorly known dinoflagellate Sinophysis canaliculata, which was originally described from the Indian Ocean, was abundant in a collection from 2015 from Rapa Iti, a small, remote island of French Polynesia. Since the taxonomic description of this species was incomplete, a detailed morphological study was carried out. The theca was studied with epifluorescence microscopy using Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE500, a fluorescent dye specific to cellulose. This fluorophore was used successfully for the first time with a thecate dinoflagellate. It has the advantage of using blue excitation light and avoids the fading of fluorescence encountered with other dyes with long excitation time. Using this technique and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, the thecal plate pattern was clarified, and the epitheca had six major plates, 4E and 2A. A conspicuous apical pore was present on the left side of the epitheca. A smaller pore was located on the ventral left side of the apical pore. The apical plates A1 and A2 formed prominent projections which encircled and partly covered the pores. This thecal pattern agreed with the recent emended description of the genus. Two additional platelets, visible only from inside the cell, were possibly present in contact with the pores. In addition, the 
‘canal' cut on the left hypothecal plate H2 had a slit at its base. Seen from the inside, the slit was actually a sieve-like area comprising several small pores with a diameter of 80100 nm. We hypothesise that this novel structure functions in the extrusion of mucus threads.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5635,

title = {Structure in the variability of the basic reproductive number (R0) for Zika epidemics in the Pacific islands.},

author = {C Champagne and D G Salthouse and R Paul and V M Cao-Lormeau and B Roche and B Cazelles},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Elife},

volume = {5},

pages = {e19874},

abstract = {Before the outbreak that reached the Americas in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated in Asia and the Pacific: these past epidemics can be highly informative on the key parameters driving virus transmission, such as the basic reproduction number (R0). We compare two compartmental models with different mosquito representations, using surveillance and seroprevalence data for several ZIKV outbreaks in Pacific islands (Yap, Micronesia 2007, Tahiti and Moorea, French Polynesia 2013-2014, New Caledonia 2014). Models are estimated in a stochastic framework with recent Bayesian techniques. R0 for the Pacific ZIKV epidemics is estimated between 1.5 and 4.1, the smallest islands displaying higher and more variable values. This relatively low range of R0 suggests that intervention strategies developed for other flaviviruses should enable as, if not more effective control of ZIKV. Our study also highlights the importance of seroprevalence data for precise quantitative analysis of pathogen propagation, to design prevention and control strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5627,

title = {Structural basis of potent Zikadengue virus antibody cross-neutralization.},

author = {G Barba-Spaeth and W Dejnirattisai and A Rouvinski and M C Vaney and I Medits and A Sharma and E Simon-Loriere and A Sakuntabhai and V M Cao-Lormeau and A Haouz and P England and K Stiasny and J Mongkolsapaya and F X Heinz and G R Screaton and F A Rey},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {536},

pages = {48-53},

abstract = {Zika virus is a member of the Flavivirus genus that had not been associated with severe disease in humans until the recent outbreaks, when it was linked to microcephaly in newborns in Brazil and to Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults in French Polynesia. Zika virus is related to dengue virus, and here we report that a subset of antibodies targeting a conformational epitope isolated from patients with dengue virus also potently neutralize Zika virus. The crystal structure of two of these antibodies in complex with the envelope protein of Zika virus reveals the details of a conserved epitope, which is also the site of interaction of the envelope protein dimer with the precursor membrane (prM) protein during virus maturation. Comparison of the Zika and dengue virus immunocomplexes provides a lead for rational, epitope-focused design of a universal vaccine capable of eliciting potent cross-neutralizing antibodies to protect simultaneously against both Zika and dengue virus infections.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5656,

title = {Thoughts around the Zika virus crisis.},

author = {D Musso and M C Lanteri},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Current Infectious Diseases Reports},

volume = {18},

pages = {46},

abstract = {As a lot of reviews are available on Zika virus (ZIKV), in this short commentary, we will focus on the recent advances and gaps in knowledge regarding our understanding of ZIKV infections and on the reaction to the "ZIKV crisis."},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5675,

title = {Amotosalen and ultraviolet a light inactivate Zika virus in plasma.},

author = {M Aubry and V Richard and J Green and J Broult and D Musso},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Vox Sanguinis},

volume = {109},

pages = {309-10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5681,

title = {Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells.},

author = {R Hamel and O Dejarnac and S Wichit and P Ekchariyawat and A Neyret and L Natthanej and M Perera-Lecoin and P Surasombatpattana and L Talignani and F Thomas and V M Cao-Lormeau and V Choumet and L Briant and P Despres and A Amara and H Yssel and D Missé},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {J Virol Methods},

volume = {89},

pages = {8880-96},

abstract = {Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, which includes dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses, that causes a mosquito-borne disease transmitted by the Aedes genus, with recent outbreaks in the South Pacific. Here we examine the importance of human skin in the entry of ZIKV and its contribution to the induction of antiviral immune responses. We show that human dermal fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, and immature dendritic cells are permissive to the most recent ZIKV isolate, responsible for the epidemic in French Polynesia. Several entry and/or adhesion factors, including DC-SIGN, AXL, Tyro3, and, to a lesser extent, TIM-1, permitted ZIKV entry, with a major role for the TAM receptor AXL. The ZIKV permissiveness of human skin fibroblasts was confirmed by the use of a neutralizing antibody and specific RNA silencing. ZIKV induced the transcription of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), RIG-I, and MDA5, as well as several interferon-stimulated genes, including OAS2, ISG15, and MX1, characterized by strongly enhanced beta interferon gene expression. ZIKV was found to be sensitive to the antiviral effects of both type I and type II interferons. Finally, infection of skin fibroblasts resulted in the formation of autophagosomes, whose presence was associated with enhanced viral replication, as shown by the use of Torin 1, a chemical inducer of autophagy, and the specific autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. The results presented herein permit us to gain further insight into the biology of ZIKV and to devise strategies aiming to interfere with the pathology caused by this emerging flavivirus.Importance

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Vector-mediated transmission of ZIKV is initiated when a blood-feeding female Aedes mosquito injects the virus into the skin of its mammalian host, followed by infection of permissive cells via specific receptors. Indeed, skin immune cells, including dermal fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, and immature dendritic cells, were all found to be permissive to ZIKV infection. The results also show a major role for the phosphatidylserine receptor AXL as a ZIKV entry receptor and for cellular autophagy in enhancing ZIKV replication in permissive cells. ZIKV replication leads to activation of an antiviral innate immune response and the production of type I interferons in infected cells. Taken together, these results provide the first general insights into the interaction between ZIKV and its mammalian host.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5685,

title = {Clostridium polynesiense sp. nov., a new member of the human gut microbiota in French Polynesia.},

author = {S Metidji and J C Lagier and S Khelaifia and N Labas and D Musso and D Raoult and S A Sankar and P E Fournier},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Anaerobe},

volume = {36},

pages = {79-87},

abstract = {Strain MS1, a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, motile and spore-forming rod belonging to the Clostridium genus, was isolated from the feces of a healthy Polynesian male living in French Polynesia. The temperature range for growth was 30-45 °C. We sequenced its complete genome and studied its phenotypic characteristics. The 3,560,738-bp long genome (one chromosome, no plasmid, G + C content 34%) contained 3535 protein-coding and 70 RNA genes. Strain MS1 exhibited a 98.24% 16S rRNA similarity with Clostridium amylolyticum, the phylogenetically closest species. When compared with other Clostridium species with standing in nomenclature, it had an average genomic similarity of 68.8-70%, a unique MALDI-TOF spectrum, and differed in nitrate reduction, motility and L-arabinose and D-lactose metabolism with most of the closest species. Therefore, strain MS1 is sufficiently distinct from type strains of the genus Clostridium to represent a novel species within this genus, for which the name Clostridium polynesiense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of C. polynesiense is MS1(T) (= CSUR P630 = DSM 27072).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5676,

title = {Chikungunya outbreak, French Polynesia, 2014.},

author = {M Aubry and A Teissier and C Roche and V Richard and A Shan Yan and K Zisou and E Rouault and V Maria and S Lastere and V M Cao-Lormeau and D Musso},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Emerg Infect Dis},

volume = {21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5693,

title = {Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain MT43, a Representative of the Manu2 Genotype.},

author = {D A Osman and M Phelippeau and D Musso and C Robert and C Michelle and O Croce and M Drancourt},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Genome Announcement},

volume = {3},

pages = {e00579-15.},

abstract = {We announce the draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain MT43, isolated from a pulmonary form of tuberculosis in French Polynesia. Analyzing its 4,145,007-bp, 65.17% G+C chromosome confirmed a fully antibiotic-susceptible Manu2 spoligotype.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5694,

title = {Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain MT11 representative of a new lineage.},

author = {D A Osman and M Phelippeau and D Musso and C Robert and C Michelle and O Croce and M Drancourt},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Genome Announcement},

volume = {3},

pages = {e00573-15},

abstract = {We sequenced the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain MT11, which exhibits a specific 16S rRNA gene mutation found in 6% of French Polynesian M. tuberculosis isolates. It comprises a 4,110,293-bp chromosome with 65.15% G+C content, and it encodes 3,949 proteins and contains 85 predicted RNA genes. The TbD1 region is absent in strain MT11 as in modern M.tuberculosis strains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5689,

title = {Detection of Zika virus in saliva.},

author = {D Musso and C Roche and T Nhan and E Robin and A Teissier and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {J Clin Virol},

volume = {68},

pages = {53-5},

abstract = {BackgroundDuring the largest Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak ever reported that occurred from October 2013 to March 2014 in French Polynesia, we observed that several patients presenting the symptoms of acute phase Zika fever were tested negative in blood by ZIKV real-time PCR (RT-PCR).

Objectives

As we have previously detected ZIKV RNA in the saliva of a young child, we investigated the use of saliva as an alternative sample for routine ZIKV RNA detection.

Study design

Over a 6 month period, 1,067 samples collected from 855 patients presenting symptoms of Zika fever (saliva only, blood only or both samples) were tested using a specific ZIKV RT-PCR. A medical questionnaire was available for most of the patients.

Results

ZIKV was more frequently detected in saliva compared to blood. For the 182 patients with both samples collected, tests were positive for 35 (19.2%) in saliva while negative in blood and tests were positive for 16 (8.8%) in blood while negative in saliva; the difference in mean days after symptoms onset and the percentage of the main symptoms of Zika fever for patients only positive in saliva or in blood was not significant.

Conclusion

The use of saliva sample increased the rate of molecular detection of ZIKV at the acute phase of the disease but did not enlarge the window of detection of ZIKV RNA. Saliva was of particular interest when blood was difficult to collect (children and neonates especially).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5678,

title = {Distribution of rickettsioses in Oceania: past patterns and implications for the future.},

author = {B Dernie and P Weinstein and D Musso and C Lau},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Acta Trop},

volume = {143C},

pages = {121-33},

abstract = {Rickettsioses present a threat to human health worldwide, but relatively little is known on their epidemiology and ecology in Oceania. These bacteria are the cause of potentially fatal febrile illnesses in humans (categorized into scrub typhus, typhus group and spotted fever group rickettsioses). They are transmitted by arthropod vectors such as ticks, mites, fleas and lice, which are associated with vertebrate host animals including rodents and companion animals. We conducted a search in the scientific and grey literature of Rickettsia spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi within the Oceania region. Human case reports, human serosurveys and PCR-based testing of vectors and host animals reviewed here highlight the widespread distribution of these pathogens in the region, with the majority of human serological and vector surveys reporting positive results. These findings suggest that rickettsioses may have a significantly higher burden of disease in Oceania than is currently appreciated due to diagnostic challenges. Furthermore, consideration of the ecology and risk factors for rickettsioses reported for Oceania suggests that their importance as a cause of undifferentiated acute febrile illness may grow in the future: environmental and social changes driven by predicted climate change and population growth have the potential to lead to the emergence of rickettsioses as a significant public health problem in Oceania.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5695,

title = {Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria in French Polynesia.},

author = {M Phelippeau and A O Djaltou and D Musso and M Drancourt},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {J Clin Microbiol},

volume = {23},

pages = {3798-3804},

abstract = {As few data are available in the Pacific countries and territories of the Oceania region regarding nontuberculous mycobacteria, we retrospectively identified 87 such isolates from French Polynesia from 2008 to 2013 by hybridization using DNA strip, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and partial rpoB gene sequencing. Partial rpoB gene sequencing classified 42/87 (48.3%) isolates inthe Mycobacterium fortuitum complex, 28 (32.2%) in the Mycobacterium abscessus complex, 8 (9.2%) in the Mycobacterium mucogenicum complex and 5 (5.7%) in the Mycobacterium avium complex. Two isolates were identified as Mycobacterium acapulcensis and Mycobacterium cosmeticum by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. One isolate, unidentified by MALDI-TOF-MS and yielding less than 92% and 96% sequence similarity with rpoB and hsp65 reference sequences respectively, was regarded as a potentially new species. Three patients exhibiting ? two Mycobacterium porcinum isolates and one patient with emphysema and a lung abscess exhibiting two Mycobacterium senegalense isolates, fulfilled the American Thoracic Society microbiological criteria for nontuberculosis mycobacterial lung infection. Remote geographic areas such as French Polynesia are potential sources for the discovery of new mycobacteria species.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5692,

title = {Emergence du virus Zika.},

author = {T Nhan and D Musso},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Virologie},

volume = {19},

pages = {225-35},

abstract = {Le virus Zika (ZIKV) est un arbovirus du genre Flavivirus, famille des Flaviviridae, transmis par les piqûres de moustiques infectés. Initialement isolé chez un macaque rhésus en 1947 en Afrique, le ZIKV a été impliqué dans des cas humains sporadiques pendant un demi siècle. La première épidémie a été décrite dans le Pacifique en 2007. Le ZIKV se propage dans la région Pacifique depuis 2013 et émerge au Brésil en 2015. De présentation clinique non spécifique, la fièvre Zika peut être confondue avec d'autres maladies infectieuses, en particulier les arboviroses comme la dengue et le chikungunya. La fièvre Zika était considérée comme une maladie bénigne jusqu'en 2013-2014 où des complications neurologioques graves ont été décrites durant l'épidémie qui a touché la Polynésie française. Le diagnostic biologique des infections à ZIKV repose principalement sur la détection de l'ARN viral du ZIKV par biologie moléculaire. Le diagnostic sérologique est peu fiable dans les régions endémiques pour flaviviroses. L'adaptation de ZIKV à un cycle urbain impliquant un réservoir humain et des moustiques ayant une très large distribution, tels que Aedes aegypti et Ae. albopictus, souligne le fort potentiel d'émergence de ZIKV dans les régions tropicales, inter tropicales mais aussi tempérées.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}