@article{5552,

title = {Ciguatera Poisoning in French Polynesia: insights into the novel trends of an ancient disease.},

author = {M Chinain and C M Gatti and M Roué and H T Darius},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100565},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {31},

pages = {100565},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5554,

title = {Diversity and toxic potential of algal bloom forming species from Takaroa atoll lagoon (Tuamotu, French Polynesia): a field and mesocosm study.},

author = {M Rodier and S Longo and K Henry and A Ung and A Lo-Yat and H T Darius and J Viallon and B Beker and B Delesalle and M Chinain},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},

volume = {83},

pages = {15-34},

abstract = {Pearl farming lagoons are economically important, yet poorly studied ecosystems in French Polynesia. This paper describes a study conducted in 2016 in Takaroa (Tuamotu Archipelago), an atoll recurrently affected by harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. The objectives were to gain insight into phytoplankton community composition, identify the main bloom-forming species and investigate their potential for toxicity. A mesocosm approach was used to assess the response of phytoplankton communities to 3 nutrient treatments: Conway with Si, Si-depleted f/2 and a commercial N-P fertilizer. In total, 87 morpho-species were described from Takaroa lagoon, with dinoflagellates as the most diverse group. Diatoms (Extubocellulus sp., Cylindrotheca closterium, Nitzschia spp.), dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium spp., Heterocapsa spp.) and flagellates (Cryptomonas sp., Pyraminonas spp.) were among the major bloom-forming species identified. Most markedly, Extubocellulus sp., a diatom never reported from French Polynesia before, was able to bloom even in Si-poor environments. Additionally, in vitro cultures of 12 bloom-forming strains were successfully established and tested for their toxicity. Preliminary results suggest that 9 strains, including dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum lima, Amphidinium spp., Heterocapsa sp.), Pyraminonadales (Pyramimonas sp.) and cryptophytes (Cryptomonas sp.), are the likely producers of cyclic imine neurotoxins and toxins acting on voltage-gated sodium channels. The contribution of these toxins to the mortality events previously reported in Takaroa lagoon is further discussed. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of a mesocosm approach which can be applied to other understudied atolls of French Polynesia recurrently threatened by HABs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6411,

title = {Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) outbreak, French Polynesia, 2019.},

author = {M Aubry and M Mapotoeke and A Teissier and T Paoaafaite and E Dumas-Chastang and M Giard and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Eurosurveillance},

volume = {24},

pages = {1900407},

abstract = {In 1996-97, the last dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) outbreak occurred in French Polynesia. In February 2019, DENV-2 infection was detected in a traveller from New Caledonia. In March, autochthonous DENV-2 infection was diagnosed in two residents. A DENV-2 outbreak was declared on 10 April with 106 cases as at 24 June. Most of the population is not immune to DENV-2; a large epidemic could occur with risk of imported cases in mainland France.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5550,

title = {History of arthropod-borne virus infections in French Polynesia.},

author = {M Aubry and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {29},

pages = {100513},

abstract = {In French Polynesia, arthropod-borne diseases are major public health problems. From the mid-1940s, the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4) have caused 15 epidemics of variable severity. In 2013, for the first time, a sustained co-circulation of two different DENV serotypes (DENV-1 and -3) was reported. The same year, Zika virus (ZIKV) caused the largest outbreak ever recorded at that time. Severe neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and central nervous system malformations in newborns and foeteuses, such as microcephaly, were reported, and a causal link with ZIKV infection was established. In addition to mosquito-borne transmission, the potential for perinatal, sexual and blood-transfusion transmission of ZIKV was demonstrated. In 2014, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused an explosive outbreak. Series of Guillain-Barré syndrome temporally associated with the CHIKV epidemic were reported. Except for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, no other arboviruses have been detected so far, but serologic evidence suggested the past silent circulation of Ross River virus. From May 2015 DENV-1 has been the only arbovirus transmitted in French Polynesia, but the reemergence of DENV-2 is highly expected since the detection of two autochthonous cases of DENV-2 infection in June 2018.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5576,

title = {Leprosy in French Polynesia.},

author = {D Musso and C Rovery and A Loukil and V Vialette and N L Nguyen},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {29},

pages = {100514},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5551,

title = {Leptospirosis in French Polynesia: 10 years of surveillance data, 2007-2017.},

author = {N Bouscaren and C Benoit de Coignac and Y Teissier and J Formot and D Musso and F Chaix and M Giard},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {29},

pages = {100518},

abstract = {Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis with higher incidence in tropical areas and is a neglected disease in the Pacific region. French Polynesia (FP) is a French overseas territory located in the South Pacific. Data on the epidemiology in FP are scarce. In this study, we describe our understanding of leptospirosis epidemiology in FP and discuss the prospects concerning this disease and its surveillance to better address preventive actions. We report 11 years of surveillance data between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. Over the study period, 1356 confirmed and probable leptospirosis cases were reported. The mean annual incidence rate was 46.0 (95% confidence interval, 43.6-48.5) cases per 100?000 inhabitants. We registered 864 (63.7%) hospitalizations; of these, at least 270 (19.9%) were in the intensive care unit, and 24 patients (1.8%) died. Even if the incidence of leptospirosis is lower in FP compared to most of other Pacific countries and territories, our data confirm that the disease is highly endemic in FP. Despite all the preventive measures taken, leptospirosis remains a major public health concern in FP, thus highlighting the need to maintain intensive leptospirosis surveillance, medical staff training and provision of information to the general population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5556,

title = {Non-Essential Trace Elements Dietary Exposure in French Polynesia: Intake Assessment, Nail Bio Monitoring and Thyroid Cancer Risk.},

author = {M Zidane and Y Ren and C Xhaard and A Leufroy and S Côte and E Dewailly and L Noël and T Guérin and P Bouisset and S Bernagout and J Paaoafaite and J Iltis and M Taquet and E Suhas and F Rachédi and J L Boissin and J Sebbag and L Shan and F Bost-Bezeaud and P Petitdidier},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Asian Pac J Cancer Prev},

volume = {20},

pages = {355-367},

abstract = {BACKGROUNDIn French Polynesia, thyroid cancer mortality and incidence is reported to be the highest in the world. Excessive levels of non-essential trace elements (nETE) in the body are associated with several types of cancer.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aims to provide quantitative information on food contamination by mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in French Polynesia and its potential correlation with measurements performed in fingernails of Polynesians, and then to investigate the potential association between these nETE and different thyroid cancer risks.

METHODS

The study population included 229 interviewed cases and 373 interviewed controls We performed a descriptive analysis of Polynesian food and examined the association between thyroid cancer risk and daily intake levels of nETE and with fingernail nETE levels.

RESULTS

Hg contamination was mainly present in sea products, Pb contamination was present in almost all samples, Cd was detectable in starchy food and As was detectable in all sea products. No patient exceeded dietary contamination WHO limits for Pb, 2 participants exceeded it for Hg and 3 individuals (0.5%) for cadmium. In fingernail clippings, the most detectable pollutant was Pb (553 participants), then Hg (543 participants) then Cd (only in 130 participants). Thyroid cancer risk was increased more than 4 times by Pb daily intake in patients with a history of cancer in first-degree relatives than in ones without (p for interaction =0.01), and 2 times more in women with more than 3 pregnancies than in those with none or less (p for interaction =0.005); it was also increased following As intake by more than 30% in patients with a history of cancer in first-degree relatives than in ones without (p for interaction =0.05).

CONCLUSION

Locally produced foods are not a source of nETE exposure in French Polynesia. Dieatry nETE exposure and fingernail nETE concentration are not associated to differentiated thyroid cancer risk. No correlation found between nETE dietary exposure and fingernail nETE concentration.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5553,

title = {Ostreopsis lenticularis Y. Fukuyo (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) from French Polynesia (South Pacific Ocean): A revisit of its morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity.},

author = {N Chomerat and G Bilien and A Derrien and K Henry and A Ung and J Viallon and H T Darius and C M Gatti and M Roué and F Hervé and D Réveillon and Z Amzil and M Chinain},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Harmful Algae},

volume = {84},

pages = {95-111},

abstract = {To date, the genus Ostreopsis comprises eleven described species, of which seven are toxigenic and produce various compounds presenting a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several of these species however remains controversial, as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading, in some cases, to ambiguous interpretations and even possible misidentifications. The species Ostreopsis lenticularis was first described by Y. Fukuyo from French Polynesia using light microscopy observations, but without genetic information associated. The present study aims at revisiting the morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity of O. lenticularis based on the analysis of 47 strains isolated from 4 distinct locales of French Polynesia, namely the Society, Australes, Marquesas and Gambier archipelagos. Observations in light, epifluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy of several of these strains analyzed revealed morphological features in perfect agreement with the original description of O. lenticularis. Cells were oval, not undulated, 60.594.4?µm in dorso-ventral length, 56.178.2?µm in width, and possessed a typical plate pattern with thecal plates showing two sizes of pores. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the LSU rDNA and ITS5.8S sequences revealed that the 47 strains correspond to a single genotype, clustering with a strong support with sequences previously ascribed to Ostreopsis sp. 5. Clonal cultures of O. lenticularis were also established and further tested for their toxicity using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay and LCMS/MS analyses. None of the 19 strains tested showed toxic activity on neuroblastoma cells, while LCMS/MS analyses performed on the strains from Tahiti Island (i.e. type locality) confirmed that palytoxin and related structural analogs were below the detection limit. These findings allow to clarify unambiguously the genetic identity of O. lenticularis while confirming previous results from the Western Pacific which indicate that this species shows no toxicity, thus stressing the need to reconsider its current classification within the group of toxic species.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5555,

title = {On the use of the sterile insect release technique to reduce or eliminate mosquito populations.},

author = {M Strugarek and H C Bossin and Y Dumont},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Applied Mathematical Modelling},

volume = {68},

pages = {443-70},

abstract = {Vector control is critical to limit the circulation of vector-borne diseases, like chikungunya, dengue or zika, which have become important issues around the world. Among them, the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and the Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) have recently aroused a renewed interest. In this paper we derive and study a minimalistic mathematical model designed for Aedes mosquito population elimination by SIT/IIT. Contrary to most of the previous models, it is bistable in general, allowing simultaneously for elimination of the population and for its survival. We consider different types of releases (constant, periodic or impulsive) and show necessary conditions to reach elimination in each case. We also estimate both sufficient and minimal treatment times. Biological parameters are estimated from a case study of an Aedes polynesiensis population, for which extensive numerical investigations illustrate the analytical results. The applications of this work are two-fold: to help identifying some key parameters that may need further field investigations, and to help designing release protocols.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5572,

title = {Reassessing Serosurvey-Based Estimates of the Zika Symptomatic Proportion.},

author = {P Mitchell and L Mier-y-Teran-Romero and B Biggerstaff and M Delorey and M Aubry and V M Cao-Lormeau and M Lozier and S Cauchemez and M Johansson},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Am J Epidemiol},

volume = {188},

pages = {206-213},

abstract = {<p>Since the 2007 Zika epidemic in Yap, it has been apparent that not all people infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) experience symptoms. However, the proportion of infections that result in symptoms remains unclear. Existing estimates varied in their interpretation of symptoms due to other causes and the case definition used, and assumed perfect test sensitivity and specificity. Using a Bayesian model and data from ZIKV serosurveys in Yap (2007), French Polynesia (2013-14), and Puerto Rico (2016), we found that assuming perfect sensitivity and specificity generally led to lower estimates of the symptomatic proportion. Incorporating reasonable assumptions for assay sensitivity and specificity, we estimated that 27% (95% Credible Interval: 1537%) (Yap), 44% (26-66%) (French Polynesia), and 50% (34-92%) (Puerto Rico) of infections were symptomatic, with variation due to differences in study populations, study designs, and case definitions. The proportion of ZIKV infections causing symptoms is critical for surveillance system design and impact assessment. Here, we accounted for key uncertainties in existing seroprevalence data and found that estimates for the symptomatic proportion ranged from 27% to 50%, suggesting that while the majority of infections are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, symptomatic infections might be more common than previously estimated.</p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6409,

title = {Cell-fusing agent virus reduces arbovirus dissemination in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in vivo.},

author = {A Baidaliuk and E Miot and S Lequime and I Moltini-Conclois and F Delaigue and S Dabo and L Dickson and F Aubry and S Merkling and V M Cao-Lormeau and L Lambrechts},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {J virol},

volume = {93},

number = {18},

pages = {e00705-19},

abstract = {<p>Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vectors of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of public health significance such as the flaviviruses causing dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV). Mosquitoes are also the natural hosts of a wide range of viruses that are insect-specific, raising the question of their influence on arbovirus transmission in nature. Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first described insect-specific flavivirus, initially discovered in an Ae. aegypti cell line and subsequently detected in natural Ae. aegypti populations. It was recently shown that DENV and the CFAV strain isolated from the Ae. aegypti cell line have mutually beneficial interactions in mosquito cells in culture. However, whether natural strains of CFAV and DENV interact in live mosquitoes is unknown. Using a wild-type CFAV isolate recently derived from Thai Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, we found that CFAV negatively interferes with both DENV type 1 and ZIKV, in vitro and in vivo. For both arboviruses, prior infection by CFAV reduced the dissemination titer in mosquito head tissues. Our results indicate that interactions observed between arboviruses and the CFAV strain derived from the cell line might not be a relevant model of the viral interference that we observed in vivo Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that insect-specific flaviviruses may contribute to reduce transmission of human-pathogenic flaviviruses.IMPORTANCE The mosquito Aedes aegypti carries several arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that are pathogenic to humans including dengue and Zika viruses. Interestingly, Ae. aegypti is also naturally infected with insect-only viruses such as cell-fusing agent virus. Although interactions between cell-fusing agent virus and dengue virus have been documented in mosquito cells in culture, whether wild strains of cell-fusing agent virus interfere with arbovirus transmission by live mosquitoes was unknown. We used an experimental approach to demonstrate that cell-fusing agent virus infection reduces the propagation of dengue and Zika viruses in Ae. aegypti These results support the idea that insect-only viruses in nature can modulate the ability of mosquitoes to carry arboviruses of medical significance, and that they could possibly be manipulated to reduce arbovirus transmission.</span></span></p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6407,

title = {Mosquito vectors of arboviruses in French Polynesia},

author = {V Richard and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {31},

pages = {100569},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6410,

title = {Ross River virus seroprevalence, Fiji, 2013-2015.},

author = {M Aubry and M Kama and J Vanhomwegen and A Teissier and T Mariteragi-Helle and S Hue and M L Hibberd and J C Manuguerra and K Christ and C H Watson and E J Nilles and C L Lau and J Aaskov and D Musso and A J Kucharski and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Emerg Infect Dis},

volume = {25},

pages = {827-30},

abstract = {<p>A unique outbreak of Ross River virus (RRV) infection was reported in Fiji in 1979. In 2013, RRV seroprevalence among residents was 46.5% (362/778). Of the residents who were seronegative in 2013 and retested in 2015, 10.9% (21/192) had seroconverted to RRV, suggesting ongoing endemic circulation of RRV in Fiji.</p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{6408,

title = {Sustained low-level transmission of Zika and chikungunya viruses following emergence in the Fiji Islands, Pacific.},

author = {M Kama and M Aubry and T Naivalu and J Vanhomwegen and T Mariteragi-Helle and A Teissier and T Paoaafaite and S Hue and M L Hibberd and J C Manuguerra and K Christi and C H Watson and E J Nilles and J Aaskov and C L Lau and D Musso and A J Kucharski and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Emerg Infect Dis},

volume = {25},

pages = {1535-8},

abstract = {<p>Zika and chikungunya viruses were first detected in Fiji in 2015. Examining surveillance, phylogenetic, and serologic data, we found evidence of low-level transmission of Zika and chikungunya viruses during 2013-2017, in contrast to the major outbreaks caused by closely related virus strains in other Pacific Island countries.</p>},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{st-jean_exposure_2019,

title = {Exposure to toxic metals and polychlorinated biphenyls of adolescentsand adults from two atolls in the Tuamotu Archipelago(French Polynesia)},

author = {A St-Jean and E Suhas and J J De Pina and S Cordier and M Lucas and P Ayotte},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Science of the total environment},

volume = {695},

pages = {133791},

abstract = {The atoll of Hao, part of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia, hosted an air base which was used by France Air Force and Naval Aviation during the nuclear tests. Following the publication of a report in 2012 indicating widespread contamination of the atoll, we conducted a biomonitoring survey to assess the exposure to toxic metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of Hao residents and residents of Makemo, a nearby atoll without any known sources of industrial pollution. Adults and adolescents (≥12 years) randomly sampled from Hao (n = 275) and Makemo (n = 268) provided blood samples for contaminant analyses. Whole blood samples were analysed for cadmium, lead and total mercury by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of PCBs were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to document lifestyle and a food-frequency questionnaire was used to document dietary habits. Concentrations of contaminants were compared between atolls and associations with sociodemographic and personal characteristics of the participants were investigated. A significantly higher mean (geometric) of blood lead concentration was observed in Hao compared to Makemo (3.75 vs 3.40 μg/L, P = 0.02), whereas similar concentrations were noted for cadmium (0.49 vs 0.50 μg/L, P = 0.58) and mercury (11.4 vs 11.5 μg/L, P = 0.78). Mean total PCBs plasma concentration was significantly higher in Hao than in Makemo participants (0.75 vs 0.32 μg/L, P textless 0.001). A significant proportion of participants exceeded toxicological reference values for mercury and lead in both atolls. The higher body burden of PCBs and Pb in Hao compared to Makemo residents may be linked to past air base activities in Hao. According to international standards, PCBs exposure is low; however, exposure to both mercury and lead is high and further investigations are required to identify specific sources of exposure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{musso_use_2019,

title = {The Use of Simple Laboratory Parameters in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute-Phase Zika and Dengue Viruses},

author = {D Musso and T Nhan and J J De Pina and J Marchi and G Texier},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Intervirology},

volume = {62},

number = {2},

pages = {51--56},

abstract = {Background: Differential diagnosis between acute-phase Zika and dengue is challenging because of a similar clinical presentation and the lack of available molecular diagnosis tools in most of endemic areas. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the use of simple laboratory parameters to differentiate these infections. Methods: We retrospectively compared simple hematology and biochemistry values in 81 and 341 patients with confirmed Zika and dengue, respectively, collected from June 2013 to March 2014 during the French Polynesia outbreaks. Results: Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated aspartate aminotransaminases were significantly more frequent in dengue than in Zika (p textless 0.001). Platelets textless100 × 109/L, neutrophils textless0.5 × 109/L, lymphocytes textless0.5 × 109/L, and aspartate aminotransaminases textgreater100 IU/mL were found in dengue but not in Zika. The positive predictive value of the ­association of leukocytes textless4 × 109/L + lymphocytes textless1 × 109/L + aspartate aminotransaminases textgreater40 IU/mL for the diagnosis of dengue was 90%, with an accuracy of 82.4%. Conclusion: For the differential diagnosis between acute-phase Zika and dengue, there is no specific standard laboratory pattern. We identified cutoff values and a combination of laboratory parameters that are a strong argument against Zika and in favor of dengue.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{st-jean_exposure_2019b,

title = {Exposure to toxic metals and polychlorinated biphenyls of adolescentsand adults from two atolls in the Tuamotu Archipelago(French Polynesia)},

author = {A St-Jean and E Suhas and J J De Pina and S Cordier and M Lucas and P Ayotte},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Science of the total environment},

volume = {695},

pages = {133791},

abstract = {The atoll of Hao, part of the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia, hosted an air base which was used by France Air Force and Naval Aviation during the nuclear tests. Following the publication of a report in 2012 indicating widespread contamination of the atoll, we conducted a biomonitoring survey to assess the exposure to toxic metals and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of Hao residents and residents of Makemo, a nearby atoll without any known sources of industrial pollution. Adults and adolescents (≥12 years) randomly sampled from Hao (n = 275) and Makemo (n = 268) provided blood samples for contaminant analyses. Whole blood samples were analysed for cadmium, lead and total mercury by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of PCBs were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to document lifestyle and a food-frequency questionnaire was used to document dietary habits. Concentrations of contaminants were compared between atolls and associations with sociodemographic and personal characteristics of the participants were investigated. A significantly higher mean (geometric) of blood lead concentration was observed in Hao compared to Makemo (3.75 vs 3.40 μg/L, P = 0.02), whereas similar concentrations were noted for cadmium (0.49 vs 0.50 μg/L, P = 0.58) and mercury (11.4 vs 11.5 μg/L, P = 0.78). Mean total PCBs plasma concentration was significantly higher in Hao than in Makemo participants (0.75 vs 0.32 μg/L, P textless 0.001). A significant proportion of participants exceeded toxicological reference values for mercury and lead in both atolls. The higher body burden of PCBs and Pb in Hao compared to Makemo residents may be linked to past air base activities in Hao. According to international standards, PCBs exposure is low; however, exposure to both mercury and lead is high and further investigations are required to identify specific sources of exposure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{musso_use_2019b,

title = {The Use of Simple Laboratory Parameters in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute-Phase Zika and Dengue Viruses},

author = {D Musso and T Nhan and J J De Pina and J Marchi and G Texier},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Intervirology},

volume = {62},

number = {2},

pages = {51--56},

abstract = {Background: Differential diagnosis between acute-phase Zika and dengue is challenging because of a similar clinical presentation and the lack of available molecular diagnosis tools in most of endemic areas. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the use of simple laboratory parameters to differentiate these infections. Methods: We retrospectively compared simple hematology and biochemistry values in 81 and 341 patients with confirmed Zika and dengue, respectively, collected from June 2013 to March 2014 during the French Polynesia outbreaks. Results: Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated aspartate aminotransaminases were significantly more frequent in dengue than in Zika (p textless 0.001). Platelets textless100 × 109/L, neutrophils textless0.5 × 109/L, lymphocytes textless0.5 × 109/L, and aspartate aminotransaminases textgreater100 IU/mL were found in dengue but not in Zika. The positive predictive value of the ­association of leukocytes textless4 × 109/L + lymphocytes textless1 × 109/L + aspartate aminotransaminases textgreater40 IU/mL for the diagnosis of dengue was 90%, with an accuracy of 82.4%. Conclusion: For the differential diagnosis between acute-phase Zika and dengue, there is no specific standard laboratory pattern. We identified cutoff values and a combination of laboratory parameters that are a strong argument against Zika and in favor of dengue.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{longo_intraspecific_2019,

title = {Intraspecific Variability in the Toxin Production and Toxin Profiles of In Vitro Cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) from French Polynesia},

author = {S Longo and M Sibat and J Viallon and H T Darius and P Hess and M Chinain},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Toxins},

volume = {11},

number = {12},

pages = {735},

abstract = {Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The toxin production and toxin profiles were explored in four clones of G. polynesiensis originating from different islands in French Polynesia with contrasted CP risk: RIK7 (Mangareva, Gambier), NHA4 (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas), RAI-1 (Raivavae, Australes), and RG92 (Rangiroa, Tuamotu). Productions of CTXs, maitotoxins (MTXs), and gambierone group analogs were examined at exponential and stationary growth phases using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. While none of the strains was found to produce known MTX compounds, all strains showed high overall P-CTX production ranging from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.7 pg cell−1. In total, nine P-CTX analogs were detected, depending on strain and growth phase. The production of gambierone, as well as 44-methylgamberione, was also confirmed in G. polynesiensis. This study highlighted: (i) intraspecific variations in toxin production and profiles between clones from distinct geographic origins and (ii) the noticeable increase in toxin production of both CTXs, in particular CTX4A/B, and gambierone group analogs from the exponential to the stationary phase.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5805,

title = {A perspective on the need and current status of efficient sex separation methods for mosquito genetic control.},

author = {P A Papathanos and K Bourtzis and F Tripet and H C Bossin and J F Virginio and M L Capurro and M C Pedrosa and A Guindo and L Sylla and M B Coulibaly and F A Yao and P S Epopa and A Diabate},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Parasite Vectors},

volume = {11},

pages = {654},

abstract = {Major efforts are currently underway to develop novel, complementary methods to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquito genetic control strategies (GCSs) have become an increasingly important area of research on account of their species-specificity, track record in targeting agricultural insect pests, and their environmentally non-polluting nature. A number of programs targeting Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of human arboviruses and malaria respectively, are currently being developed or deployed in many parts of the world. Operationally implementing these technologies on a large scale however, beyond proof-of-concept pilot programs, is hampered by the absence of adequate sex separation methods. Sex separation eliminates females in the laboratory from male mosquitoes prior to release. Despite the need for sex separation for the control of mosquitoes, there have been limited efforts in recent years in developing systems that are fit-for-purpose. In this special issue of Parasites and Vectors we report on the progress of the global Coordinated Research Program on “Exploring genetic, molecular, mechanical and behavioural methods for sex separation in mosquitoes” that is led by the Insect Pest Control Subprogramme of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture with the specific aim of building efficient sex separation systems for mosquito species. In an effort to overcome current barriers we briefly highlight what we believe are the three main reasons why progress has been so slow in developing appropriate sex separation systems: the availability of methods that are not scalable, the difficulty of building the ideal genetic systems and, finally, the lack of research efforts in this area.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5583,

title = {Application of solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices for the field detection of Gambierdiscus toxins.},

author = {M Roué and H T Darius and J Viallon and A Ung and C M Gatti and D T Harwood and M Chinain},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2017.11.006},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Harmful Algae},

volume = {71},

pages = {40-9},

abstract = {ABSTRACTCiguatera fish poisoning is a food-borne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the Gambierdiscus genus. Since most surveillance programs currently rely on the survey of Gambierdiscus cell densities and species composition, supplementary toxin-based methods allowing the time- and spatially integrated sampling of toxins in ciguateric environments are needed for a more reliable assessment and management of the risks associated with Gambierdiscus proliferation. Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) filters use porous synthetic resins capable of adsorbing toxins directly from the water column. To assess the ability of these passive monitoring devices to retain Gambierdiscus toxins, SPATT bags filled with 10g of HP20 resin were deployed for 48h in two French Polynesian locations at high (Nuku Hiva Island) vs. low to moderate (Kaukura Atoll) risk of ciguatera. CTXs could be detected in SPATT bags extracts from Nuku Hiva Island, as assessed by the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) and liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Results of in vitro experiments suggest that the saturation limit of CTXs on HP20 resin, for a deployment time of 48h, is » 55ng P-CTX-3C equiv. g-1 resin. Despite the non detection of maitotoxin (MTX), LC-MS/MS analyses showed that two other compounds also produced by Gambierdiscus species were retained on SPATT bags, i.e. iso-P-CTX-3B/C and a putative MTX analogue, known as MTX-3. This study, the first to demonstrate the suitability of SPATT technology for the in situ monitoring of Gambierdiscus toxins, highlights the potential application of this tool for routine ciguatera risk assessment and management programs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5560,

title = {Azithromycin inhibits the replication of Zika virus.},

author = {E Bosseboeuf and M Aubry and T Nhan and J J De Pina and J M Rolain and D Raoult and D Musso},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {J Antivir Antiretrovir},

volume = {10},

pages = {6-11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5559,

title = {Amustaline (S-303) treatment inactivates high levels of Chikungunya virus in red-blood-cell components.},

author = {M Aubry and A Laughhunn and F Santa Maria and M C Lanteri and A Stassinopoulos and D Musso},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Vox Sanguinis},

volume = {113},

pages = {232-41},

abstract = {Background and objectivesChikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections have been reported in all continents, and the potential risk for CHIKV transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) was demonstrated by the detection of CHIKV RNA-positive donations in several countries. TTIs can be reduced by pathogen inactivation (PI) of blood products. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of amustaline and glutathione (S-303/GSH) to inactivate CHIKV in red-blood-cell concentrates (RBCs).

Material and methods

Red-blood-cells were spiked with high level of CHIKV. Infectious titres and RNA loads were measured before and after PI treatment. Residual CHIKV infectivity was also assessed after five successive cell culture passages.

Results

The mean CHIKV titres in RBCs before inactivation was 5·81 ± 0·18 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50 )/mL, and the mean viral RNA load was 10·49 ± 0·15 log10 genome equivalent (GEq)/mL. No CHIKV TCID was detected after S-303 treatment nor was replicative CHIKV particles and viral RNA present after five cell culture passages of samples obtained immediately after S-303 treatment.

Conclusion: Chikungunya virus was previously shown to be inactivated by the PI technology using amotosalen and ultraviolet A light for the treatment of plasma and platelets. This new study demonstrates that S-303/GSH can inactivate high titres of CHIKV in RBCs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5569,

title = {Ciguatoxins activate the Calcineurin signalling pathway in Yeasts: a potential perspective for future biosensors development.},

author = {H Martin-Yken and S Derick and C Gironde and H T Darius and C Furger and D Laurent and M Chinain},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Research},

volume = {162},

pages = {144-51},

abstract = {Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are lipid-soluble polyether compounds produced by dinoflagellates from the genus Gambierdiscus spp. typically found in tropical and subtropical zones. This endemic area is however rapidly expanding due to environmental perturbations, and both toxic Gambierdiscus spp. and ciguatoxic fishes have been recently identified in the North Atlantic Ocean (Madeira and Canary islands) and Mediterranean Sea. Ciguatoxins bind to Voltage Gated Sodium Channels on the membranes of sensory neurons, causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) in humans, a disease characterized by a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological, neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms. Although CFP is the most frequently reported non bacterial food-borne poisoning worldwide, there is still no simple and quick way of detecting CTXs in contaminated samples. In the prospect to engineer rapid and easy-to-use CTXs live cells-based tests, we have studied the effects of CTXs on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a unicellular model which displays a remarkable conservation of cellular signalling pathways with higher eukaryotes. Taking advantage of this high level of conservation, yeast strains have been genetically modified to encode specific transcriptional reporters responding to CTXs exposure. These yeast strains were further exposed to different concentrations of either purified CTX or micro-algal extracts containing CTXs. Our data establish that CTXs are not cytotoxic to yeast cells even at concentrations as high as 1mM, and cause an increase in the level of free intracellular calcium in yeast cells. Concomitantly, a dose-dependent activation of the calcineurin signalling pathway is observed, as assessed by measuring the activity of specific transcriptional reporters in the engineered yeast strains. These findings offer promising prospects regarding the potential development of a yeast cells-based test that could supplement or, in some instances, replace current methods for the routine detection of CTXs in seafood products.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5557,

title = {Comparison of the gut microbiota of obese individuals from different geographic origins.},

author = {E Angelakis and D Bachar and M Yasir and D Musso and F Djossou and C Melenotte and C Robert and B Davoust and B Gaborit and E I Azhar and F Bibi and A Dutour and D Raoult},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {27},

pages = {40-7},

abstract = {Few studies have examined the interaction of human geography, microbial community structure and obesity. We tested obese adult volunteers from France, Saudi Arabia, French Polynesia and from a traditional population in the village of Trois-Sauts in French Guiana by sequencing the V3-V4 region. We also sequenced homemade fermented cachiri beers that were obtained from the traditional Amazonian population and are highly consumed by this population. We found that French and Saudis had significantly less richness and biodiversity in their gut microbiota than Amazonians and Polynesians (p <0.05). Principle coordinate analysis of the overall composition of the genera communities revealed that the microbiomes of Amazonians clustered independently from the other obese individuals. Moreover, we found that Amazonians presented significantly stricter anaerobic genera than the Saudis, French and Polynesians (p<0.001). Polynesians presented significantly lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. than French (p 0.01) and Saudis (p 0.05). Treponema berlinense and Treponema succinifaciens were only present in the gut microbiome of Amazonians. The cachiri beers presented significantly more bacterial species in common with the gut microbiome of Amazonians (p<0.005). Obese individuals with different origins present modifications in their gut microbiota, and we provide evidence that the cachiri beers influenced the gut microbiome of Amazonians.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5586,

title = {Detection of pacific ciguatoxins using liquid chromatography coupled to either low or high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).},

author = {M Sibat and C Herrenknecht and H T Darius and M Roué and M Chinain and P Hess},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.008},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {J Chromatogr A},

volume = {1571},

pages = {16-28},

abstract = {Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is primarily caused by consumption of tropical and sub-tropical fish contaminated by Ciguatoxins (CTXs). These lipid-soluble, polyether neurotoxins are produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. While there is no regulatory level in Europe for CTXs, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adopted the United States guidance level of 0.01?µg P-CTX1B eq.kg-1 of fish. This limit is extremely low and requires significant improvement in the detection of CTXs. In this study, we compared analytical protocols based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem low or high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-LRMS or HRMS) to find the best conditions for sensitivity and/or selectivity. Different approaches such as LC conditions, ion choice and acquisition modes, were evaluated to detect the Pacific-ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) on a triple quadrupole (API4000 Qtrap, Sciex) or a quadrupole time of flight (QTOF 6550, Agilent Technologies) spectrometer. Moreover, matrix effects were calculated using matrix-matched calibration solutions of P-CTX1B and P-CTX3C prepared in purified fish extract. Subsequently, the method performance was assessed on naturally contaminated samples of seafood and phytoplankton. With LRMS, the ammoniated adduct ion used as a precursor ion showed an advantage for selectivity through confirmatory transitions, without affecting signal-to-noise ratios, and hence limits of detection (LODs). As also reported by some studies in the literature, methanol-based mobile phase gave better selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of P-CTXs. While the LOD for P-CTX1B and P-CTX3C met the EFSA recommendation level when using LRMS, the findings suggested careful evaluation of instrumental parameters for determination of CTXs. LODs were significantly higher for HRMS, which currently results in the need for a significantly higher sample intake. Nevertheless, HRMS allowed for the identification of artefacts and may allow for improved confirmation of the identity of P-CTXs analogues. Consequently, LRMS and HRMS are considered complementary to ensure adequate quantitation and identification of P-CTXs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5806,

title = {Exploring the potential of computer vision analysis of pupae size dimorphism for adaptive sex sorting systems of various vector mosquito species.},

author = {M Zacares and G Salvador-Herranz and D Almenar and C Tur and R Argiles and K Bourtzis and H C Bossin and I Pla},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Parasite Vectors},

volume = {11},

pages = {656},

abstract = {BackgroundSeveral mosquito population suppression strategies based on the rearing and release of sterile males have provided promising results. However, the lack of an efficient male selection method has hampered the expansion of these approaches into large-scale operational programmes. Currently, most of these programmes targeting Aedes mosquitoes rely on sorting methods based on the sexual size dimorphism (SSD) at the pupal stage. The currently available sorting methods have not been developed based on biometric analysis, and there is therefore potential for improvement. We applied an automated pupal size estimator developed by Grupo Tragsa with laboratory samples of Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes albopictus, Ae. polynesiensis, and three strains of Ae. aegypti. The frequency distribution of the pupal size was analyzed. We propose a general model for the analysis of the frequency distribution of mosquito pupae in the context of SSD-sorting methods, which is based on a Gaussian mixture distribution functions, thus making possible the analysis of performance (% males recovery) and purity (% males on the sorted sample).

Results

For the three Aedes species, the distribution of the pupae size can be modeled by a mixture of two Gaussian distribution functions and the proposed model fitted the experimental data. For a given population, each size threshold is linked to a specific outcome of male recovery. Two dimensionless parameters that measure the suitability for SSD-based sorting of a specific batch of pupae are provided. The optimal sorting results are predicted for the highest values of SSD and lowest values of intra-batch variance. Rearing conditions have a strong influence in the performance of the SSD-sorting methods and non-standard rearing can lead to increase pupae size heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Sex sorting of pupae based on size dimorphism can be achieved with a high performance (% males recovery) and a reasonably high purity (% males on the sorted sample) for the different Aedes species and strains. The purity and performance of a sex sorting operation in the tested Aedes species are linked parameters whose relation can be modeled. The conclusions of this analysis are applicable to all the existing SSD-sorting methods. The efficiency of the SSD-sorting methods can be improved by reducing the heterogeneity of pupae size within rearing containers. The heterogeneity between batches does not strongly affect the quality of the sex sorting, as long as a specific separation threshold is not pre-set before the sorting process. For new developments, we recommend using adaptive and precise threshold selection methods applied individually to each batch or to a mix of batches. Adaptive and precise thresholds will allow the sex-sorting of mixed batches in operational conditions maintaining the target purity at the cost of a reduction in performance. We also recommend a strategy whereby an acceptable level of purity is pre-selected and remains constant across the different batches of pupae while the performance varies from batch to batch to fit with the desired purity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5568,

title = {Exploring Mosquito Fauna of Majuro Atoll (Republic of Marshall Islands) in the Context of Zika Outbreak.},

author = {J Marie and D Perera and H Garstang and H C Bossin and K Bourtzis},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {J Med Entomol},

volume = {55},

pages = {1299-1306},

abstract = {First autochthonous Zika clinical case was reported in the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI) on Majuro Atoll in February 2016. An entomological survey of mosquito larvae and adult populations was carried out in four areas of Majuro, the most populated atoll of RMI encompassing different habitats (forest, rural, or urban) including some with confirmed clinical Zika cases to evaluate which mosquito species could be involved in the Zika transmission. A total of 2,367 immature and adult mosquito specimens were collected and identified to the species level. In total, five mosquito species were detected, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes marshallensis (Stone and Bohart), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), and Culex annulirostris (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), a first record for RMI. The most abundant species was Ae. aegypti presumed to be the main vector of Zika virus followed by Ae. albopictus. Improved management of breeding containers through better public awareness and community engagement, mosquito surveillance and innovative mosquito control strategies using the sterile insect technique (SIT) and/or the incompatible insect technique (IIT) could help prevent outbreaks of arboviruses in the RMI.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5562,

title = {Experimental evidence of dietary ciguatoxin accumulation in an herbivorous coral reef fish.},

author = {R J Clausing and B Losen and F R Oberhaensli and H T Darius and M Sibat and P Hess and P W Swarzenski and M Chinain and M Y Dechraoui Bottein},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.007},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Aquatic Toxicol},

volume = {200},

pages = {257-65},

abstract = {Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are potent algal toxins that cause widespread ciguatera poisoning and are found ubiquitously in coral reef food webs. Here we developed an environmentally-relevant, experimental model of CTX trophic transfer involving dietary exposure of herbivorous fish to the CTX-producing microalgae Gambierdiscus polynesiensis. Juvenile Naso brevirostris were fed a gel-food embedded with microalgae for 16 weeks (89 cells g-1 fish daily, 0.4mg CTX3C equiv kg-1 fish). CTXs in muscle tissue were detectable after 2 weeks at levels above the threshold for human intoxication (1.2 ± mg CTX3C equiv kg-1). Although tissue CTX concentrations stabilized after 8 weeks (~3 ± 0.5 mg CTX3C equiv kg-1), muscle toxin burden (total ìg CTX in muscle tissue) continued to increase linearly through the end of the experiment (16 weeks). Toxin accumulation was therefore continuous, yet masked by somatic growth dilution. The observed CTX concentrations, accumulation rates, and general absence of behavioural signs of intoxication are consistent with field observations and indicate that this method of dietary exposure may be used to develop predictive models of tissue-specific CTX uptake, metabolism and depuration. Results also imply that slow-growing fish may accumulate higher CTX flesh concentrations than fast-growing fish, which has important implications for global seafood safety.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5575,

title = {Is the Zika threat over?},

author = {D Musso and V M Cao-Lormeau},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Clin Microbiol Infect},

volume = {24},

pages = {566-7},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5574,

title = {Infections in French Polynesia.},

author = {D Musso},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {New Microbes New Infections},

volume = {27},

pages = {27-8},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5566,

title = {Investigation of ciguatoxins in invasive lionfish from the greater caribbean region: Implications for fishery development.},

author = {D R Hardison and W C Holland and H T Darius and M Chinain and P A Tester and D Shea and A K Bogdanoff and Jr. J A Morris and H A Flores Quintana and R Christopher},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {PLOS One},

volume = {13},

pages = {e0198358},

abstract = {Lionfish, native to reef ecosystems of the tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific, were introduced to Florida waters in the 1980s, and have spread rapidly throughout the northwestern Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. These invasive, carnivorous fish significantly reduce other fish and benthic invertebrate biomass, fish recruitment, and species richness in reef ecosystems. Fisheries resource managers have proposed the establishment of a commercial fishery to reduce lionfish populations and mitigate adverse effects on reef communities. The potential for a commercial fishery for lionfish is the primary reason to identify locations where lionfish accumulate sufficient amounts of ciguatoxin (CTX) to cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), the leading cause of non-bacterial seafood poisoning associated with fish consumption. To address this issue, an initial geographic assessment of CTX toxicity in lionfish from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico was conducted. Lionfish samples (n = 293) were collected by spearfishing from 13 locations (74 sampling sites) around the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico between 2012 and 2015. The highest frequencies of lionfish containing measurable CTX occurred in areas known to be high-risk regions for CFP in the central to eastern Caribbean (e.g., 53% British Virgin Islands and 5% Florida Keys). Though measurable CTX was found in some locations, the majority of the samples (99.3%) contained CTX concentrations below the United States Food and Drug Administration guidance level of 0.1 ppb Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX-1) equivalents (eq.). Only 0.7% of lionfish tested contained more than 0.1 ppb C-CTX-1 eq. As of 2018, there has been one suspected case of CFP from eating lionfish. Given this finding, current risk reduction techniques used to manage CTX accumulating fish are discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5581,

title = {Method for Simple and Rapid Concentration of Zika Virus Particles from Infected Cell-Culture Supernatants.},

author = {V Richard and M Aubry},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {J Virol Methods},

volume = {255},

pages = {82-3},

abstract = {Experimental studies on Zika virus (ZIKV) may require improvement of infectious titers in viral stocks obtained by cell culture amplification. The use of centrifugal filter devices to increase infectious titers of ZIKV from cell-culture supernatants is highlighted here. A mean gain of 2.33?±?0.12 log10 DICT50/mL was easily and rapidly obtained with this process. This efficient method of ultrafiltration may be applied to other viruses and be useful in various experimental studies requiring high viral titers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5580,

title = {Re-visiting the evolution, dispersal and epidemiology of Zika virus in Asia.},

author = {J Pettersson and J Bohlin and M Dupont-Rouzeyrol and O Brynildsrud and K Alfsnes and V M Cao-Lormeau and M W Gaunt and A K Falconar and X De Lamballerie and V Eldholm and D Musso and E Gould},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Emerg Infect Dis},

volume = {7},

pages = {79},

abstract = {Based on serological evidence and viral isolation, Zika virus (ZIKV) has circulated for many years relatively benignly in a sylvatic cycle in Africa and an urban cycle in South East Asia (SEA). With the recent availability of limited but novel Indian ZIKV sequences to add to the plethora of SEA sequences, we traced the phylogenetic history and spatio-temporal dispersal pattern of ZIKV in Asia prior to its explosive emergence in the Pacific region and the Americas. These analyses demonstrated that the introduction and dispersal of ZIKV on the Pacific islands were preceded by an extended period of relatively silent transmission in SEA, enabling the virus to expand geographically and evolve adaptively before its unanticipated introduction to immunologically naive populations on the Pacific islands and in the Americas. Our findings reveal new features of the evolution and dispersal of this intriguing virus and may benefit future disease control strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5588,

title = {Silent infection of human dendritic cells by African and Asian strains of Zika virus.},

author = {N J Vielle and B Zumkehr and O García-Nicolás and M Stojanov and D Baud and D Musso and A Summerfield and M P Alves},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Sci Rep},

volume = {8},

pages = {5440},

abstract = {While Zika virus (ZIKV) circulated for decades (African lineage strains) without report of outbreaks and severe complications, its emergence in French Polynesia and subsequently in the Americas (Asian lineage strains) was associated with description of severe neurological defects in newborns/neonates and adults. With the aim to identify virus lineage-dependent factors, we compared cell susceptibility, virus replication, cell death and innate immune responses following infection with two African and three contemporary Asian lineage strains of ZIKV. To this end, we used green monkey Vero and Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The latter are involved in the pathogenesis of several mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections. In Vero and C6/36 cells, we observed strain- but not lineage-dependent differences in infection profiles. Nevertheless, in human DCs, no significant differences in susceptibility and virus replication were found between lineages and strains. ZIKV induced antiviral interferon type I/III in a limited fashion, with the exception of one African strain. None of the strains induced cell death or DC maturation in terms of MHC II, CD40, CD80/86 or CCR7 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that a large collection of virus isolates needs to be investigated before conclusions on lineage differences can be made.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5585,

title = {Salt in Stools is associated with Obesity, Gut Halophilic Microbiota and Akkermansia muciniphila depletion in Humans.},

author = {E H Seck and B Senghor and V Merhej and D Bachar and F Cadoret and C Robert and E I Azhar and M Yasir and F Bibi and A Jiman-Fatani and D Salimata Konate and D Musso and O Doumbo and C Sokhna and A Levasseur and J Lagier and S Khelaifia and M Million and D Raoult},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Int J Obes},

volume = {43},

pages = {862-871},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5582,

title = {Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) Technology for the Monitoring of Aquatic Toxins: A Review.},

author = {M Roué and H T Darius and M Chinain},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10040167},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Toxins},

volume = {10},

number = {4},

pages = {pii: E167},

abstract = {The Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology, first introduced in 2004, uses porous synthetic resins capable of passively adsorbing toxins produced by harmful microalgae or cyanobacteria and dissolved in the water. This method allows for the detection of toxic compounds directly in the water column and offers numerous advantages over current monitoring techniques (e.g., shellfish or fish testing and microalgae/cyanobacteria cell detection), despite some limitations. Numerous laboratory and field studies, testing different adsorbent substrates of which Diaion® HP20 resin appears to be the most versatile substrate, have been carried out worldwide to assess the applicability of these passive monitoring devices to the detection of toxins produced by a variety of marine and freshwater microorganisms. SPATT technology has been shown to provide reliable, sensitive and time-integrated sampling of various aquatic toxins, and also has the potential to provide an early warning system for both the occurrence of toxic microalgae or cyanobacteria and bioaccumulation of toxins in foodstuffs. This review describes the wide range of lipophilic and hydrophilic toxins associated with toxin-producing harmful algal blooms (HABs) that are successfully detected by SPATT devices. Implications in terms of monitoring of emerging toxic risks and reinforcement of current risk assessment programs are also discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5573,

title = {Sexual transmission of arboviruses: more to explore?},

author = {J A Cardona-Ospina and L E Alvarado-Arnez and J P Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana and A C Bandeira and D Musso and A J Rodriguez-Morales},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Int J Infect Dis},

volume = {76},

pages = {126-127},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5570,

title = {Specific human antibody responses to Aedes aegypti and Aedes polynesiensis saliva: a new epidemiological tool to assess human exposure to disease vectors in the Pacific.},

author = {F Mathieu-Daudé and A Claverie and C Plichart and D Boulanger and F A Mphande and H C Bossin},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Plos Neg Trop Dis},

volume = {12},

pages = {e0006660},

abstract = {BackgroundAedes mosquitoes severely affect the health and wellbeing of human populations by transmitting infectious diseases. In French Polynesia, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika, and Aedes polynesiensis the primary vector of Bancroftian filariasis and a secondary vector of arboviruses. Tools for assessing the risk of disease transmission or for measuring the efficacy of vector control programmes are scarce. A promising approach to quantify the human-vector contact relies on the detection and the quantification of antibodies directed against mosquito salivary proteins.

Methodology/Principal findings

An ELISA test was developed to detect and quantify the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed against proteins from salivary gland extracts (SGE) of Ae. aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis in human populations exposed to either species, through a cross-sectional study. In Tahiti and Moorea islands where Ae. aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis are present, the test revealed that 98% and 68% of individuals have developed IgG directed against Ae. aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis SGE, respectively. By comparison, ELISA tests conducted on a cohort of people from metropolitan France, not exposed to these Aedes mosquitoes, indicated that 97% of individuals had no IgG directed against SGE of either mosquito species. The analysis of additional cohorts representing different entomological Aedes contexts showed no ELISA IgG cross-reactivity between Ae. aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis SGE.

Conclusions/Significance

The IgG response to salivary gland extracts seems to be a valid and specific biomarker of human exposure to the bites of Ae. aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis. This new immuno-epidemiological tool will enhance our understanding of people exposure to mosquito bites, facilitate the identification of areas where disease transmission risk is high and permit to evaluate the efficacy of novel vector control strategies in Pacific islands and other tropical settings.

Author summary

In Pacific islands like in most tropical regions, Aedes mosquitoes affect the health of human populations by transmitting diseases like dengue, chikungunya, Zika and filariasis. The biting nuisance of Aedes mosquitoes also impacts local tourism, affecting the sustainability of island economies. Mosquito saliva is injected during the biting process, and the response triggered by the human immune system to proteins contained in mosquito saliva was shown to be a relevant biomarker of exposure to mosquito bites. Using this approach, we have developed an immuno-epidemiological tool to investigate the exposure of people to the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes polynesiensis, two significant mosquito vectors of infectious diseases in French Polynesia and other island countries and territories in the Pacific. This novel tool proved specific and reliable. It will improve the assessment of disease transmission risk and be useful for measuring the efficacy of both conventional and innovative vector control strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5558,

title = {Seroprevalence of dengue and chikungunya virus antibodies, French Polynesia, 2014-2015.},

author = {M Aubry and A Teissier and M Huart and S Merceron and J Vanhomwegen and M Mapotoeke and T Mariteragi-Helle and C Roche and A L Vial and S Teururai and S Sicard and S Paulous and P Despres and J C Manuguerra and H P Mallet and A Imrie and D Musso and X Deparis and Cao-Lo},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Emerg Infect Dis},

volume = {24},

pages = {558-61},

abstract = {We investigated dengue and chikungunya virus antibody seroprevalence in French Polynesia during 2014-2015. Dengue virus seroprevalence was ˜60% among schoolchildren and >83% among the general population; chikungunya virus seroprevalence was <3% before and 76% after Zika virus emergence (2013). Dengue virus herd immunity may affect Zika virus infection and pathogenesis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5584,

title = {Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Ciguatoxins in Tridacna maxima (Tridacnidae, Bivalvia) Fed Gambierdiscus polynesiensis.},

author = {M Roué and H T Darius and A Ung and J Viallon and M Sibat and P Hess and Z Amzil and M Chinain},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

volume = {10},

pages = {pii: E189},

abstract = {Ciguatera is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). Ciguatera-like poisoning events involving giant clams (Tridacna maxima) are reported occasionally from Pacific islands communities. The present study aimed at providing insights into CTXs tissue distribution and detoxification rate in giant clams exposed to toxic cells of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis, in the framework of seafood safety assessment. In a first experiment, three groups of tissue (viscera, flesh and mantle) were dissected from exposed individuals, and analyzed for their toxicity using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. The viscera, flesh, and mantle were shown to retain 65%, 25%, and 10% of the total toxin burden, respectively. All tissues reached levels above the safety limit recommended for human consumption, suggesting that evisceration alone, a practice widely used among local populations, is not enough to ensure seafood safety. In a second experiment, the toxin content in contaminated giant clams was followed at different time points (0, 2, 4, and 6 days post-exposure). Observations suggest that no toxin elimination is visible in T. maxima throughout 6 days of detoxification.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5565,

title = {Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a novel vector of ciguatera poisoning: clinical characterization and follow up of a mass poisoning event in Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia).},

author = {C M Gatti and D Lonati and H T Darius and A Zancan and M Roué and A Schicchi and C A Locatelli and M Chinain},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10030102},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Toxins},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

pages = {pii: E102},

abstract = {Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most prevalent non-bacterial food-borne form of poisoning in French Polynesia, which results from the consumption of coral reef fish naturally contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Since the early 2000s, this French territory has also witnessed the emergence of atypical forms of ciguatera, known as ciguatera shellfish poisoning (CSP), associated with the consumption of marine invertebrates. In June 2014, nine tourists simultaneously developed a major and persistent poisoning syndrome following the consumption of the gastropod Tectus niloticus collected in Anaho, a secluded bay of Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia). The unusual nature and severity of this event prompted a multidisciplinary investigation in order to characterize the etiology and document the short/long-term health consequences of this mass-poisoning event. This paper presents the results of clinical investigations based on hospital medical records, medical follow-up conducted six and 20 months post-poisoning, including a case description. This study is the first to describe the medical signature of T. niloticus poisoning in French Polynesia and contributed to alerting local authorities about the potential health hazards associated with the consumption of this gastropod, which is highly prized by local communities in Pacific island countries and territories.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5564,

title = {Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod), as a novel vector of ciguatera poisoning. Detection of Pacific ciguatoxins in toxic samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia).},

author = {H T Darius and M Roué and M Sibat and J Viallon and C M Gatti and M W Vandersea and P A Tester and R W Litaker and Z Amzil and P Hess and M Chinain},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10010002},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Toxins},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {pii: E2},

abstract = {Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood (fish and marine invertebrates) contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. The report of a CFP-like mass-poisoning outbreak following the consumption of Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) from Anaho Bay on Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia) prompted field investigations to assess the presence of CTXs in T. niloticus. Samples were collected from Anaho Bay, 1, 6 and 28 months after this poisoning outbreak, as well as in Taiohae and Taipivai bays. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of CTXs only in Anaho Bay T. niloticus samples. This is consistent with qPCR results on window screen samples indicating the presence of Gambierdiscus communities dominated by the species G. polynesiensis in Anaho Bay. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major congener, followed by P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B in toxic samples. Between July 2014 and November 2016, toxin content in T. niloticus progressively decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit recommended for human consumption. This study confirms for the first time T. niloticus as a novel vector of CFP in French Polynesia.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5563,

title = {Toxicological investigations on the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): evidence for the presence of Pacific ciguatoxins.},

author = {H T Darius and M Roué and M Sibat and J Viallon and C M Gatti and M W Vandersea and P A Tester and R W Litaker and Z Amzil and P Hess and M Chinain},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/md16040122},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Marine Drugs},

volume = {16},

pages = {122},

abstract = {The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoids) is a source of protein for many islanders in the Indo-West Pacific. It was previously reported to occasionally cause ciguatera-like poisoning; however, the exact nature of the causative agent was not confirmed. In April and July 2015, ciguatera poisonings were reported following the consumption of T. gratilla in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia). Patient symptomatology was recorded and sea urchin samples were collected from Anaho Bay in July 2015 and November 2016. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cellbased assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in T. gratilla samples. Gambierdiscus species were predominant in the benthic assemblages of Anaho Bay, and G. polynesiensis was highly prevalent in in vitro cultures according to qPCR results. Liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major ciguatoxin congener in toxic sea urchin samples, followed by 51-OH-P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A, and P-CTX-4B. Between July 2015 and November 2016, the toxin content in T. gratilla decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit allowed for human consumption. This study provides evidence of CTX bioaccumulation in T. gratilla as a cause of ciguatera-like poisoning associated with a documented symptomatology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5589,

title = {Updated Zika virus recommendations are needed.},

author = {M Vouga and D Musso and A Goorhuis and D O Freedman and D Baud},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Lancet},

volume = {392},

pages = {818-9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5578,

title = {Unexpected outbreaks of arbovirus infections: lessons learned from the Pacific and tropical America.},

author = {D Musso and A J Rodriguez-Morales and J E Levi and V M Cao-Lormeau and D J Gubler},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Lancet Infect Dis},

volume = {18},

pages = {e355-e361},

abstract = {Pandemic arboviruses have emerged as a major global health problem in the past four decades. Predicting where and when the next arbovirus epidemic will occur is a challenge, but history suggests that arboviral black swan events (epidemics that are difficult to predict and that have an extreme effect) will continue to occur as urban growth and globalisation expand. We briefly review unexpected arbovirus epidemics that have occurred in the past 50 years, with emphasis on the American and Pacific regions, to illustrate their unpredictability, and to highlight the need for improved global preparedness, including laboratory-based surveillance, prevention, and control programmes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5567,

title = {Using paired serology and surveillance data to quantify dengue transmission and control during a large outbreak in Fiji.},

author = {A Kucharski and M Kama and C Watson and M Aubry and S Funks and A Henderson and O Brady and J Vanhomwegen and J C Manuguerra and C Lau and W Edmunds and J Aaskov and E Nilles and V M Cao-Lormeau and S Hue and M Hibberd},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {7},

pages = {e34848},

abstract = {Dengue is a major health burden, but it can be challenging to examine transmission and evaluate control measures because outbreaks depend on multiple factors, including human population structure, prior immunity and climate. We combined population-representative paired sera collected before and after the 2013/14 dengue-3 outbreak in Fiji with surveillance data to determine how such factors influence transmission and control in island settings. Our results suggested the 10-19 year-old age group had the highest risk of infection, but we did not find strong evidence that other demographic or environmental risk factors were linked to seroconversion. A mathematical model jointly fitted to surveillance and serological data suggested that herd immunity and seasonally varying transmission could not explain observed dynamics. However, the model showed evidence of an additional reduction in transmission coinciding with a vector clean-up campaign, which may have contributed to the decline in cases in the later stages of the outbreak.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5577,

title = {Yellow fever: the Pacific should be prepared.},

author = {D Musso and P Parola and D Raoult},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Lancet},

volume = {392},

pages = {2347},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}