Abstract

The Polynesian of French Polynesia, following the example of the island populations of Pacific 1, always drew the most part of their food from sea products. They even remain today very big consumers of fish: with a 1 kg / person / week average, and that in spite of "multiplication" and "diversification" of food offer due to globalization. This "over consumption" of the Polynesian asks in a critical way the question of the duality of benefits and delinquency of a feeding based on the fish. The "beneficial effects" of the fish are comparatively well known; the fish brings a series of nutriments as selenium and iodine but also polyunsaturated fatty acids which man does not naturally synthesise and that are however necessary to him. He must therefore scoop them out from his feeding. These polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of type omega 3 as acid eicosapentanoique made the object of several studies which put in an obvious place the cardioprotective effects of these compounds. The importance of these compounds for an optimum neurobiological development to the fetus was also revealed in other studies 2. The negative point mainly holds in the presence of methylmercure, source of neurotoxicity for man. It is well known that the pollution in the methylmercure comes principally from fish.