Given the technical difficulties of the ELISA method, a gelatin particle agglutination (MLPA) has been developed recently for the detection of anti-PGLI antibodies. The purpose of this study was to compare these 2 tests. MLPA was found to be less specific than ELISA (91% versus 98%, x2 = 66.8, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of both tests was 95% for the diagnosis of multibacillary patients. In the case of paucibacillary patients, MLPA was found to be less sensitive than ELISA (21% versus 35%, x2 = 6.98, p > 0.01). The agreement between the 2 tests for a positive or a negative result was satisfying (85% to 100%), except for the weakly seropositive individuals (71%). The correlation between OD obtained with ELISA and antibody titre obtained with MLPA was statistically significant (r =0.70, p < 0.001). Conversely to ELISA, MLPA was not applicable on blood samples absorbed on filter paper without a serious loss of sensibility. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the MLPA test can only reliably detect antibodies in multibacillary cases.